Okolica jest spokojna, a lokalizacja dobra, bo do pracy mogę dojść pieszo.

Because they agree with the nouns they describe:

• okolica = a feminine noun
• lokalizacja = also a feminine noun

So the adjectives must also be feminine singular:

• spokojny → spokojna
• dobry → dobra

This is basic adjective agreement in Polish: adjectives match the noun in gender, number, and case.

The full version would be:

Okolica jest spokojna, a lokalizacja jest dobra...

In Polish, especially in speech and informal writing, the verb jest can be omitted in the second part when it is easily understood from the first part. So:

• Okolica jest spokojna, a lokalizacja dobra
  sounds natural and compact.

This kind of omission is common when two parallel descriptions are being given.

A often means something like and, but not exactly the same as English and in every case.

In this sentence:

Okolica jest spokojna, a lokalizacja dobra

a links two pieces of information and slightly contrasts or balances them:

• the area is მშვიდ/quiet
• the location is good

So here a is best understood as:

• and
• or while/whereas in a looser sense

It is very common in Polish for joining two related statements.

Compare:

• i = plain and
• a = and / while / whereas with a mild contrast or shift

Because the preposition do requires the genitive case.

The noun is:

• praca = work/job

In the genitive singular, it becomes:

• pracy

So:

• do pracy = to work

This is one of the most important case patterns to learn:

• do domu = to the house / home
• do szkoły = to school
• do pracy = to work

Because mogę dojść means I can get there / I am able to walk there.

Here are the key verbs:

• iść = to go on foot, one time, currently/in one direction
• chodzić = to go on foot regularly / in general
• dojść = to reach on foot, to get to a place by walking

So:

• do pracy mogę dojść pieszo
  literally: I can reach work on foot

That fits the idea of convenience very well: the location is good because work is close enough that walking there is possible.

Dojść is a perfective verb, and with mogę it expresses being able to complete the action: to get there.

So:

• mogę dojść do pracy = I can get to work on foot

If you used an imperfective walking verb, the meaning would shift more toward habit or process. For example:

• mogę chodzić do pracy pieszo = I can walk to work / I can go to work on foot regularly

That is also possible, but it sounds a bit different.
In your sentence, mogę dojść emphasizes successful arrival at work because it is close enough.

Pieszo means on foot.

So:

• dojść pieszo = to get there on foot
• iść pieszo = to go on foot

It is an adverb, not a noun or adjective.

A very common alternative is:

• na piechotę = on foot

So these are similar:

• Mogę dojść do pracy pieszo.
• Mogę dojść do pracy na piechotę.

Both are natural.

Yes, Polish word order is flexible.

This sentence could also be:

• Mogę dojść do pracy pieszo.
• Do pracy mogę dojść pieszo.
• Pieszo mogę dojść do pracy.

The version in your sentence puts do pracy early, which helps connect the reason specifically to work. It sounds natural and slightly emphasizes the destination.

In Polish, changing word order often changes focus rather than basic meaning.

Because Polish usually drops subject pronouns when the verb already shows who the subject is.

• mogę already means I can

So ja is unnecessary unless you want emphasis or contrast.

Compare:

• Mogę dojść pieszo. = I can walk there / get there on foot.
• Ja mogę dojść pieszo. = I can walk there (maybe others can’t, or in contrast to someone else)

This is very normal in Polish.

They are related, but not identical.

• okolica = the area, the neighborhood, the surroundings
• lokalizacja = the location, the position of the place

So the sentence separates two ideas:

• Okolica jest spokojna = the neighborhood is quiet
• lokalizacja dobra = the location is good

That means:

• the surroundings are pleasant
• and the place is well situated, for example close to work

Yes. Both mean because, but they differ in tone.

• bo = common, everyday, conversational
• ponieważ = more formal or written

So:

• ...bo do pracy mogę dojść pieszo.
  is natural and spoken-style.

A more formal version would be:

• ...ponieważ do pracy mogę dojść pieszo.

Both are correct.

There are commas because Polish normally separates clauses linked by conjunctions like a and bo.

So:

• Okolica jest spokojna, a lokalizacja dobra, bo do pracy mogę dojść pieszo.

The commas help show the structure:

1. Okolica jest spokojna
2. a lokalizacja dobra
3. bo do pracy mogę dojść pieszo

This punctuation is standard in Polish.

Yes. A fuller version would be:

Okolica jest spokojna, a lokalizacja jest dobra, bo mogę dojść do pracy pieszo.

This version:

• keeps both instances of jest
• uses a more neutral word order

Your original sentence is still very natural. It just sounds a bit more compact and stylistically smooth.