Mama powiedziała, że nowa tapeta pasuje do jasnych kafelków i białej farby.

Because Mama is a feminine singular noun, and Polish past tense agrees with the subject in gender and number.

• powiedział = he said
• powiedziała = she said

So Mama powiedziała means Mom said / Mother said.

Że means that and introduces a subordinate clause.

So:

• Mama powiedziała = Mom said
• że nowa tapeta pasuje... = that the new wallpaper goes with...

In English, that is often optional, but in Polish że is very commonly used after verbs like powiedzieć.

Because nowa is the adjective new, and tapeta is a feminine singular noun.

In Polish, adjectives must agree with the noun in:

• gender
• number
• case

Here tapeta is feminine singular nominative, so the adjective also has to be feminine singular nominative:

• nowy = masculine form
• nowa = feminine form
• nowe = neuter form

So nowa tapeta = new wallpaper.

Because that is the normal, neutral word order in Polish: adjective + noun.

So:

• nowa tapeta
• jasne kafelki
• biała farba

You can sometimes place the adjective after the noun, but that usually sounds more literary, emphatic, or unusual. For everyday Polish, nowa tapeta is the expected order.

Pasować do means to match, to go well with, or to suit in the sense of appearance or style.

So:

• tapeta pasuje do kafelków i farby = the wallpaper goes well with the tiles and the paint

A very important grammar point is that pasować do requires the genitive case after do.

Because the preposition do requires the genitive case.

The base form is:

• jasne kafelki = nominative plural

After do, it changes to genitive plural:

• do jasnych kafelków

Both the adjective and the noun change:

• jasne → jasnych
• kafelki → kafelków

So this is not random vocabulary change; it is normal case inflection.

Again, because of do.

The basic form is:

• biała farba = nominative singular

After do, it becomes genitive singular:

• do białej farby

So:

• biała farba = base form
• do białej farby = form required after do

It is not białą farbą, because białą farbą is instrumental case, not genitive.

Because the sentence is talking about:

• tiles as multiple countable items → plural
• paint as a material/substance → singular

So Polish treats them naturally according to what they are:

• jasnych kafelków = light-colored tiles
• białej farby = white paint

This is very similar to English, where we normally say tiles but paint, not paints, in this kind of context.

Because one preposition can govern both parts of a coordinated phrase.

So:

• pasuje do jasnych kafelków i białej farby

means:

• it matches the light tiles and the white paint

The single do applies to both jasnych kafelków and białej farby. This works in English too: with the tiles and the paint.

Yes, Polish word order is more flexible than English because case endings show grammatical relationships.

For example, you could also say:

• Mama powiedziała, że do jasnych kafelków i białej farby pasuje nowa tapeta.

This still means essentially the same thing. The difference is mostly in focus or emphasis.

• Nowa tapeta pasuje... puts the wallpaper first as the topic.
• Do jasnych kafelków i białej farby pasuje nowa tapeta... emphasizes what it matches.

The original sentence is very natural and neutral.

Yes. Tapeta is the normal Polish word for wallpaper.

Its basic singular forms are:

• tapeta = wallpaper
• tapety = wallpapers / of wallpaper, depending on case
• tapetą = with wallpaper

In this sentence, tapeta is in the nominative singular because it is the subject of pasuje.

Kafelki is a very common everyday word for tiles, especially wall or bathroom/kitchen tiles.

You may also hear płytki, which is another common word for tiles. In everyday usage, both can appear, though kafelki often sounds especially domestic and conversational.

So jasnych kafelków is completely natural here.

Because the subject is nowa tapeta, which is singular.

Polish verbs agree with the subject in number:

• tapeta pasuje = the wallpaper matches
• tapety pasują = the wallpapers match

So since there is one wallpaper, the verb is singular:

• pasuje

The fact that it matches tiles and paint does not affect the verb number; only the subject does.