Wolę iść pieszo do pracy, kiedy pogoda jest dobra.

Wolę is the 1st person singular present tense of woleć, meaning to prefer.

So:

• woleć = to prefer
• wolę = I prefer

Polish usually does not need a separate subject pronoun like ja here, because the verb ending -ę already tells you it means I. So:

• Wolę = I prefer
• Ja wolę = I prefer too, but with extra emphasis on I

In Polish, after a verb like woleć (to prefer), you normally use the bare infinitive.

So:

• Wolę iść = I prefer to go / I prefer going

Polish does not need a separate word equivalent to English to before the infinitive in this structure.

Compare:

• Chcę iść = I want to go
• Lubię czytać = I like to read / I like reading
• Wolę iść = I prefer to go

This is a very common question, because Polish has different motion verbs where English often just uses go or walk.

• iść = to go on foot, in one direction, as a specific trip or instance
• chodzić = to go on foot habitually, repeatedly, or in general

In this sentence, Wolę iść pieszo do pracy, kiedy pogoda jest dobra, the idea is something like when the weather is good, I prefer to go to work on foot. That makes iść natural.

But chodzić could also work in a slightly different nuance:

• Wolę chodzić pieszo do pracy, kiedy pogoda jest dobra.

This sounds more like a general habit: I prefer walking to work when the weather is good.

So both can be possible, but:

• iść = more like the act of going
• chodzić = more like the general habit or repeated action

Yes and no.

Iść means to go on foot, but Polish very often uses pieszo to make it explicit that the person is going on foot rather than by car, bus, bike, etc.

• pieszo = on foot, walking

So:

• iść do pracy = to go to work
• iść pieszo do pracy = to go to work on foot

This is very natural Polish. English often uses walk to work, but Polish often expresses the same idea as go on foot to work.

Pieszo is an adverb.

It describes how you go somewhere:

• jadę autobusem = I’m going by bus
• jadę samochodem = I’m going by car
• idę pieszo = I’m going on foot

So pieszo does not change its form here. It simply means on foot.

Pracy is the genitive singular of praca (work).

After the preposition do when it means to / into / toward, Polish uses the genitive case.

So:

• praca = work
• do pracy = to work

Other examples:

• do domu = home / to the house
• do szkoły = to school
• do biura = to the office

So in this sentence:

• iść do pracy = to go to work

Because do pracy is the normal Polish expression for to work in the sense of going to your workplace.

Polish often uses fixed prepositional patterns, and with praca the standard phrase is:

• iść do pracy = go to work
• być w pracy = be at work
• wrócić z pracy = come back from work

So this is something worth learning as a set phrase.

Here kiedy means when, but depending on context it can also feel like whenever.

In this sentence:

• Wolę iść pieszo do pracy, kiedy pogoda jest dobra.

the meaning is something like:

• I prefer to walk to work when the weather is good
• or whenever the weather is good

So kiedy introduces a time clause.

A very common alternative is gdy:

• Wolę iść pieszo do pracy, gdy pogoda jest dobra.

That means almost the same thing.

Because in Polish, a subordinate clause introduced by words like kiedy, gdy, że, bo, jeśli is normally separated by a comma.

So:

• Wolę iść pieszo do pracy, kiedy pogoda jest dobra.

This comma is standard Polish punctuation.

Polish uses commas in these clause structures more regularly than English does, so this is something English speakers often have to get used to.

In standard Polish, when you say the weather is good, you normally include jest (is):

• pogoda jest dobra = the weather is good

So:

• pogoda = weather
• jest = is
• dobra = good

Leaving out jest can happen in very informal, poetic, or headline-style language, but in normal standard Polish, jest should be there.

Because pogoda is a feminine singular noun, and the adjective has to agree with it.

So:

• dobry = masculine singular
• dobra = feminine singular
• dobre = neuter singular

Since:

• pogoda is feminine,

you get:

• dobra pogoda = good weather
• pogoda jest dobra = the weather is good

This is adjective agreement.

Yes, it is correct and natural. But many Polish speakers might also choose a slightly more idiomatic phrase depending on what they mean.

For example:

• kiedy jest ładna pogoda = when the weather is nice
• gdy pogoda dopisuje = when the weather is good / favorable
• przy dobrej pogodzie = in good weather

So your sentence is correct, but in everyday speech, ładna pogoda is also very common if the idea is nice weather rather than just good weather.

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English word order.

The original sentence:

• Wolę iść pieszo do pracy, kiedy pogoda jest dobra.

is perfectly natural.

But you could also say:

• Kiedy pogoda jest dobra, wolę iść pieszo do pracy.

This puts more emphasis on the when the weather is good part first.

You could also sometimes hear:

• Do pracy wolę iść pieszo, kiedy pogoda jest dobra.

That gives a bit more focus to do pracy.

So the word order can move, but the original version is very normal and clear.

Yes, you could, and it would still be correct. The main difference is nuance.

• Wolę iść pieszo do pracy = I prefer to go to work on foot
• Wolę chodzić do pracy pieszo = I prefer walking to work / I prefer to walk to work as a regular thing

With chodzić, the sentence sounds a little more habitual or general. With iść, it sounds a little more like the act of going.

In everyday conversation, both can be understandable and natural depending on what you want to emphasize.

Because Polish does not have articles like a, an, or the.

So Polish simply says:

• pogoda = weather / the weather
• praca = work / the work

The exact meaning comes from context.

That is why:

• do pracy can mean to work
• pogoda jest dobra can mean the weather is good

English needs articles; Polish does not.