byouin de sinsatu wo uketa ato, yakkyoku he ikimasita.

The spaces are just there to help learners see the parts of the sentence more easily.

In normal Japanese writing, this would usually be written without spaces:

病院で診察を受けたあと、薬局へ行きました。

So the spaces are a teaching aid, not standard spelling.

で marks the place where an action happens.

Here, the action 診察を受けた happened at the hospital, so 病院で is correct.

• 病院で = at the hospital
• 病院に would more naturally suggest to the hospital or in/at the hospital in a different kind of structure

Since the sentence is talking about where the examination was received, で is the natural choice.

Because the person in this sentence is the patient, not the doctor.

• 診察する = to examine a patient
  
  • This is what the doctor does.
• 診察を受ける = to receive an examination / to be examined
  
  • This is what the patient does.

So if the subject is the patient, 診察を受ける is the natural expression.

Because 診察 is the thing being received, and を marks the direct object.

In Japanese, 受ける often works like receive or undergo, so the structure is:

• 診察を受ける
• literally: receive an examination

Even though English might say have an examination or be examined, Japanese uses を here because 診察 is treated as the object of 受ける.

Because the grammar pattern is verb in た-form + あと, which means after doing...

So:

• 受けたあと = after receiving the examination
• 食べたあと = after eating
• 帰ったあと = after returning

The た-form shows that the first action is completed before the next one happens.

This is very normal in Japanese.

A clause before a noun or in a grammar pattern like Vたあと usually stays in plain form, even when the whole sentence is polite.

So this combination is natural:

• 診察を受けたあと、薬局へ行きました。

But using 受けましたあと would sound unnatural.

A useful rule is:

• main sentence can be polite
• subordinate clause often stays plain

Yes. 受けたあと and 受けたあとで are both natural.

• 受けたあと = after receiving the examination
• 受けたあとで = after receiving the examination

The で is often optional here. Adding it can make the connection feel a little more explicit, but in many sentences there is little practical difference.

So both are fine:

• 病院で診察を受けたあと、薬局へ行きました。
• 病院で診察を受けたあとで、薬局へ行きました。

Both へ and に can mark a destination, and in this sentence either one would work.

• 薬局へ行きました
• 薬局に行きました

The difference is small:

• へ focuses a bit more on direction
• に focuses a bit more on the destination

In everyday Japanese, both are very common with 行く.

Japanese often leaves out the subject when it is clear from context.

So this sentence does not need to say:

• 私は
• 彼は
• 母は

The listener is expected to understand who did the actions from the situation. Very often, that would be I in conversation, but it could also be someone else depending on context.

This kind of omission is extremely common in Japanese.

It is not always strictly necessary, but it is very natural.

The comma helps separate the two parts:

• 病院で診察を受けたあと
• 薬局へ行きました

It makes the sentence easier to read and shows a small pause. Japanese punctuation is often somewhat flexible, but this comma is perfectly natural.

Yes.

Both are common:

• あと
• 後

So this sentence could also be written as:

病院で診察を受けた後、薬局へ行きました。

Writing it in hiragana can feel a little softer or easier to read, while kanji can look slightly more formal or compact. Both are correct.