nodo ga itai node, asita ha kaisya wo yasumu tumori desu.

Because 痛い describes the condition of the throat, and the thing experiencing that condition is marked with が.

• 喉が痛い = My throat hurts / I have a sore throat
• Literally, it is closer to the throat is painful

English usually makes I the subject: I have a sore throat.
Japanese often makes the body part the subject instead.

So:

• 喉が痛い is natural
• 喉を痛い is incorrect here

In Japanese, 痛い is an い-adjective, not a verb. It describes something as painful.

That can feel strange to English speakers, because English often uses verbs like hurt:

• My throat hurts

But Japanese says something more like:

• My throat is painful

So 喉が痛い is the normal way to express throat pain.

Both ので and から can mean because, but the nuance is different.

• ので sounds a bit more neutral, explanatory, and polite
• から can sound more direct or more like the speaker’s own reasoning

So:

• 喉が痛いので、明日は会社を休むつもりです。
  sounds calm and polite
• 喉が痛いから、明日は会社を休むつもりです。
  is also correct, but slightly more casual/direct

In formal or polite speech, ので is very common.

The comma marks a pause between the reason and the main statement.

• 喉が痛いので、 = Because my throat hurts,
• 明日は会社を休むつもりです。 = I intend to take tomorrow off from work.

The comma is very natural here, especially when the first part gives background or explanation.

Here, は marks 明日 as the topic or time frame: as for tomorrow.

• 明日は = As for tomorrow, ...

Japanese often uses は with time expressions when setting the scene or contrasting one time with another.

Using に with 明日 is usually unnatural here. In many cases, words like 今日, 明日, and 昨日 do not need に.

So:

• 明日は会社を休むつもりです。 = natural
• 明日に会社を休むつもりです。 = unnatural

は marks 明日 as the topic and can also imply contrast.

The sentence suggests something like:

• As for tomorrow, I intend to take off work

This may subtly contrast tomorrow with other days:

• maybe not today
• maybe not every day
• but tomorrow in particular

So は does more than just mark time; it highlights tomorrow as the relevant frame for the statement.

This is a very common question because it does not match English neatly.

In Japanese, 休む can mean:

• to rest
• to take a day off
• to be absent from school, work, etc.

When you say you are absent from a place or activity, Japanese often uses を:

• 学校を休む = to miss school / take school off
• 会社を休む = to miss work / take a day off from the company

So 会社を does not mean you are physically acting on the company like a direct object in English. It is just the normal Japanese pattern.

No. 会社を休む means to be absent from work or to take a day off from the company.

It does not mean resigning or quitting.

If you want to say quit the company, you would use a different verb, such as:

• 会社を辞める = to quit the company

So:

• 会社を休む = take time off
• 会社を辞める = resign / quit

Because dictionary form + つもりです is the standard pattern for saying intend to do something.

Pattern:

• verb (dictionary form) + つもりです = intend to do
• verb (ない-form) + つもりです = intend not to do

Examples:

• 休むつもりです = I intend to take off
• 行くつもりです = I intend to go
• 行かないつもりです = I intend not to go

So 休むつもりです is grammatically exactly what you would expect.

Great question. The two have different meanings:

• 休みます = I will take off / I’m taking off
• 休むつもりです = I intend to take off / I plan to take off

つもりです focuses on the speaker’s intention or plan, not a firm final action.

So this sentence sounds slightly softer and less absolute than simply saying:

• 喉が痛いので、明日は会社を休みます。

That version is also natural, but it sounds more like a straightforward decision.

Yes, the subject is omitted, and that is very normal in Japanese.

The sentence does not explicitly say I, but the meaning is understood from context because:

• 喉が痛い is about the speaker’s condition
• 休むつもりです describes the speaker’s intention

Japanese often leaves out subjects when they are obvious.

A more explicit version could be:

• 私は、喉が痛いので、明日は会社を休むつもりです。

But in normal conversation, leaving out 私は sounds more natural.

Because the politeness is carried by です at the end of つもりです.

The structure is:

• 休む
  • つもりです

Even though 休む itself is in dictionary form, the whole expression is polite because つもりです is a polite pattern.

Compare:

• 休むつもりだ = plain/casual
• 休むつもりです = polite

So the sentence is polite overall.

Yes, that is also natural.

• 喉が痛いので、... emphasizes because
• 喉が痛くて、... links the two clauses more loosely, like my throat hurts, so...

Both are correct, but the nuance is a little different:

• ので sounds more explicitly causal and a bit more formal/polite
• て-form sounds a bit more conversational in many situations

So both work, but ので is a very good choice here.

Yes, 喉 is read のど.

You may see it written:

• 喉
• のど

Both are possible. In everyday materials, kana is also common because some body-part kanji are less familiar to learners.

So in this sentence:

• 喉が痛い = のどがいたい

Yes, it is very natural.

It sounds like a polite explanation of a plan:

• reason: 喉が痛いので
• plan/intention: 明日は会社を休むつもりです

It would fit well in conversation with a coworker, supervisor, teacher, or anyone you want to speak politely to.

If you wanted to sound even more direct and practical in a workplace situation, you might also hear:

• 喉が痛いので、明日は会社を休みます。

But your sentence is completely natural and correct.