Breakdown of kanozyo ha hugoukaku de mo akiramezu, tugi no siken ni mukete mainiti mazime ni hukusyuusite iru.
Questions & Answers about kanozyo ha hugoukaku de mo akiramezu, tugi no siken ni mukete mainiti mazime ni hukusyuusite iru.
は is the topic marker.
- 彼女は … = As for her / She (on the other hand) …
It doesn’t mean “is” here; it just marks what the rest of the sentence is talking about.
So the sentence is “(As for) her, even if she fails, she doesn’t give up and …”
不合格でも is usually written without spaces. In your spaced version, it’s:
- 不合格 – “failure” / “not passing (an exam)”
- で – the conjunctive form of だ (like a “-ing” link form of “to be”)
- も – here meaning “even” → gives the meaning “even if / even when”
So 不合格でも ≈ “even if (she is) unsuccessful / even if she fails.”
It’s not “location で” here; it’s “X で(=だ)も” → even if it is X.
あきらめず comes from the verb あきらめる (to give up).
- Dictionary form: あきらめる
- Negative: あきらめない (don’t give up)
- Classical/“-te” negative connector: あきらめず
The form V-ず is a negative connector meaning roughly:
- “without doing V”
- “not doing V (and …)”
So あきらめず、次の試験に向けて… means:
- “without giving up, she (…prepares for the next exam)”
- or “and she doesn’t give up; instead she…”
It’s more written/formal-sounding than just using あきらめないで.
Both can connect to the next clause and are negative:
あきらめず、〜
- More formal / written
- Slightly more “literary”
- Common in essays, news, narration
あきらめないで、〜
- More conversational / everyday
- Very common in spoken Japanese
Meaning-wise here, they’re almost the same:
- 不合格でもあきらめず、〜
- 不合格でもあきらめないで、〜
Both mean roughly “even if she fails, she doesn’t give up and …”
次の試験に向けて literally is:
- 次 – next
- の – connecting particle (“of / ’s”)
- 試験 – exam
- に向けて – “toward / in preparation for”
〜に向けて often means:
- “aiming toward ~”
- “for the sake of ~”
- “in preparation for ~ (a specific goal/event)”
So 次の試験に向けて ≈ “for the next exam” / “in preparation for the next exam.”
It highlights the goal of her studying: she is reviewing with the next exam as her target.
Nuances:
〜に向けて
- Often about preparation / working toward a goal (projects, exams, events)
- e.g. 試験に向けて勉強する – study for an exam (preparing for it)
〜に向かって
- Literally “toward ~ (direction)”
- Physical direction or metaphorical “toward”
- e.g. 山に向かって歩く – walk toward the mountain
〜のために
- Broad “for / for the sake of / because of”
- Can be purpose, benefit, or cause
- e.g. 試験のために勉強する – study for the exam (because there is an exam)
In your sentence, に向けて emphasizes purposeful preparation for the upcoming exam, which fits very well.
- 毎日 – “every day”
- 真面目に – “seriously / diligently”
Both are adverbial: they modify 復習している (reviewing).
毎日真面目に復習している = “is reviewing every day, seriously/diligently.”
You can move them a bit:
- 真面目に毎日復習している
- 毎日復習を真面目にしている (slightly different structure)
The original order 毎日真面目に復習している is very natural and clear: time (毎日) → manner (真面目に) → verb.
真面目（まじめ） is a な-adjective meaning “serious / earnest / diligent.”
- As an adjective: 真面目な人 – a serious person
- As an adverb: 真面目に – seriously, diligently
For な-adjectives, you usually get the adverb form by changing:
- 〜な → 〜に
Examples:
- 静かな人 → 静かに話す (speak quietly)
- きれいな部屋 → きれいに掃除する (clean neatly)
- 真面目な学生 → 真面目に勉強する (study diligently)
So 真面目に復習している = “is reviewing diligently/seriously.”
- 復習（ふくしゅう） – review (what you have learned)
- 復習する – to review
- 復習している – “is reviewing / reviews”
The 〜ている form has several uses; here it expresses habitual action:
- 毎日復習している – “(she) reviews every day” / “(she) has been reviewing regularly”
So 毎日真面目に復習している means she has the ongoing habit of reviewing seriously every day, not just a one-time action right now.
The sentence is in the plain (casual) style:
- あきらめず、…復習している。
To make it polite, you mainly change the final verb into 〜ます form:
- 彼女は不合格でもあきらめず、次の試験に向けて毎日真面目に復習しています。
That keeps the same meaning, but sounds natural in polite conversation or writing.