La nonna, la figlia e la nipote fanno colazione insieme.

Because each of those nouns is a separate feminine singular noun, and in normal Italian it is very common to repeat the article in a list:

la nonna, la figlia e la nipote

English often says the grandmother, daughter, and granddaughter, using the only once, but Italian usually sounds more natural if each noun keeps its own article.

Because the subject is three people, not one person:

• la nonna
• la figlia
• la nipote

When the subject is plural, the verb must also be plural.
The verb is fare, and fanno is the third-person plural form in the present tense.

• lei fa colazione = she has breakfast
• loro fanno colazione = they have breakfast

That is just the normal Italian expression. Italian usually says:

• fare colazione = to have breakfast
• pranzare = to have lunch / eat lunch
• cenare = to have dinner

So fare colazione is an idiomatic phrase you simply learn as a unit. It literally uses fare (to do / to make), but the real meaning is the everyday action to have breakfast.

Because fare colazione is a fixed expression. In this phrase, Italian normally does not use an article.

So you say:

• faccio colazione
• fanno colazione
• abbiamo fatto colazione

But la colazione does exist when you mean breakfast as a noun:

• La colazione è pronta. = Breakfast is ready.
• La colazione di oggi era ottima. = Today’s breakfast was excellent.

This is a very common source of confusion. Nipote can mean:

• grandson / granddaughter
• nephew / niece

The article tells you the person is feminine:

• il nipote = grandson or nephew
• la nipote = granddaughter or niece

In this sentence, because we have grandmother + daughter + granddaughter as a natural family chain, the most likely meaning is granddaughter.

Because the sentence refers to three female family members:

• la nonna = grandmother
• la figlia = daughter
• la nipote = granddaughter / niece

The article la marks each one as feminine singular, and the noun forms also match that gender.

Insieme means together.

So fanno colazione insieme means they are having breakfast together, as one group.

It is not strictly necessary for the grammar of the sentence, but it adds useful meaning. Without it, the sentence would simply say that all three have breakfast. With insieme, it clearly says they do it together.

That is the most neutral and natural position here:

La nonna, la figlia e la nipote fanno colazione insieme.

Italian often places adverbs like insieme after the verb phrase. You can move it in some contexts for emphasis, but the ending position is the safest and most standard choice for learners.

Italian often drops subject pronouns such as io, tu, lui, lei, loro, because the verb form already gives a lot of information.

However, in this sentence the subject is not just a pronoun; it is the actual information being given: who is having breakfast. So you normally keep it.

If the people had already been mentioned, you could later say simply:

Fanno colazione insieme.
= They have breakfast together.

Figlia is pronounced roughly like FEE-lya, with the stress on the first syllable.

The gli sound in Italian is special. It is not the same as the English gl in glad. In figlia, it sounds like a soft ly sound.

A rough guide:

• figlia → FEE-lya

Not perfect, but good enough as a starting point.

Yes. In Italian, double consonants are real and important.

• nonna has a double n
• fanno has a double n

You should hold the consonant a little longer than in English. This can sometimes change meaning in Italian, so it is worth noticing early.

For example:

• fano and fanno would not sound the same in careful Italian pronunciation

So yes, the double consonants matter both for pronunciation and meaning.

Because in a simple list, Italian normally does not put a comma before e.

So this is standard:

La nonna, la figlia e la nipote

That is very similar to standard English without the Oxford comma. In ordinary Italian punctuation, the version with no comma before e is the normal one.

Yes, Italian allows more flexibility than English, but this version is the most neutral and natural:

La nonna, la figlia e la nipote fanno colazione insieme.

You might see other orders in speech or writing for emphasis, but for a learner, this is the best basic pattern to remember:

subject + verb phrase + adverb

Because Italian often leaves those relationships to context when they are already clear enough.

Here, the sentence simply names three family roles:

• the grandmother
• the daughter
• the granddaughter

Italian does not need to say whose grandmother or whose daughter unless that information matters. The sentence is focused on the group, not on possession.