Vado al mercato con mia madre.

In Italian, subject pronouns are often omitted because the verb ending already shows who the subject is.

• vado = I go / I am going
• The ending -o tells you it is I

So Vado al mercato is completely natural. You can say Io vado al mercato if you want extra emphasis, such as:

• Io vado al mercato, lui resta a casa.
  I’m going to the market, he’s staying home.

Vado is the present tense of andare (to go).

In Italian, the present tense can often translate in more than one way in English depending on context:

• Vado al mercato = I go to the market
• Vado al mercato = I am going to the market

Both are possible. Context tells you which one sounds most natural.

Yes. Andare is an irregular verb, so you need to memorize its present-tense forms:

• io vado = I go
• tu vai = you go
• lui/lei va = he/she goes
• noi andiamo = we go
• voi andate = you all go
• loro vanno = they go

So vado does not follow a fully regular pattern.

Al means to the.

It is a contraction of:

• a = to
• il = the

So:

• a + il = al

That is why al mercato means to the market.

In Italian, many destinations use a preposition plus an article, and mercato here takes the article il.

So:

• il mercato = the market
• al mercato = to the market

Italian often uses articles in places where English may or may not. In this sentence, al mercato is the normal form.

With singular family members, Italian usually does not use the article before a possessive.

So you say:

• mia madre = my mother
• mio padre = my father
• mio fratello = my brother

Not normally:

• la mia madre in this basic usage

However, there are exceptions. The article is usually used with:

• plurals: i miei genitori = my parents
• some modified forms: la mia cara madre = my dear mother

But in your sentence, con mia madre is exactly right.

Mia is the feminine singular form of my because madre is a feminine singular noun.

The possessive my changes in Italian to match the noun:

• mio padre = my father
• mia madre = my mother
• miei amici = my friends
• mie sorelle = my sisters

So mia agrees with madre, not with the speaker.

That is a very natural Italian word order.

The sentence is structured like this:

• Vado = I go / I am going
• al mercato = to the market
• con mia madre = with my mother

So the pattern is:

verb + destination + companion

Italian word order is flexible, but this version is normal and neutral. You could move parts around for emphasis, for example:

• Con mia madre vado al mercato.
• Al mercato vado con mia madre.

These are possible, but the original sentence is the most straightforward.

Yes. The Italian present tense often covers both meanings.

So depending on context, Vado al mercato con mia madre could mean:

• I go to the market with my mother
  habitual or general
• I’m going to the market with my mother
  happening now or very soon

Context usually makes it clear.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

VAH-doh al mer-KAH-toh kon MEE-ah MAH-dreh

A few helpful points:

• vado: stress on VA
• mercato: stress on KA
• mia is usually pronounced like MEE-ah
• madre has two syllables: MA-dre

Italian pronunciation is usually quite regular, so once you know the sounds, it becomes predictable.

Yes. Mamma is more informal and affectionate, like mom in English.

So:

• con mia madre = with my mother
• con mia mamma = with my mom

Both are correct, but mamma sounds more familiar and everyday.

Con means with.

So:

• con mia madre = with my mother

It is the normal preposition used to say who accompanies you.

Examples:

• Vado con Marco. = I’m going with Marco.
• Studio con mia sorella. = I study with my sister.

Yes, you could.

• Vado al mercato con mia madre is the most natural and common everyday way to say it.
• Sto andando al mercato con mia madre means I am in the process of going to the market with my mother and puts more emphasis on the action happening right now.

Italian uses the simple present much more often than English does, so vado is usually the best default choice here.