Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Setelah latihan yoga selesai, kami minum teh hangat di ruang tamu. - After the yoga practice is finished, we drink warm tea in the living room.

Setelah latihan yoga selesai, kami minum teh hangat di ruang tamu.

After the yoga practice is finished, we drink warm tea in the living room.

Breakdown of Setelah latihan yoga selesai, kami minum teh hangat di ruang tamu.

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Questions & Answers about Setelah latihan yoga selesai, kami minum teh hangat di ruang tamu.

What does setelah mean, and can it only go at the beginning of the sentence?

Setelah means after (in a temporal sense).

It often appears at the beginning of a clause, like:

Setelah latihan yoga selesai, kami minum teh hangat di ruang tamu.
= After the yoga practice finished, we drank warm tea in the living room.

But you can also put the setelah-clause after the main clause:

Kami minum teh hangat di ruang tamu setelah latihan yoga selesai.

Both orders are natural. A comma is usual when the setelah‑clause comes first, and usually omitted when it comes last.

In setelah latihan yoga selesai, why is selesai at the end? Is it a verb or an adjective?

Latihan yoga is a noun phrase: latihan (practice/exercise) + yoga.

Selesai literally means finished / completed. Grammatically it’s a stative verb or adjective; Indonesian doesn’t really separate those two as strictly as English does.

The phrase latihan yoga selesai is like saying:

the yoga practice [is] finished

So setelah latihan yoga selesai is literally:

after [the] yoga practice [was] finished

Indonesian doesn’t need a form of to be (is/was), so you just put selesai after the noun phrase it describes.

Could I say setelah kami selesai latihan yoga or setelah selesai latihan yoga instead? Are these also correct?

Yes, variations are possible, with slightly different focuses:

Setelah latihan yoga selesai, kami minum teh hangat…
Focuses on the practice itself being finished.
Setelah kami selesai latihan yoga, kami minum teh hangat…
Literally: After we finished (doing) yoga practice, we drank warm tea…
Focuses more on us as the doers.
Setelah selesai latihan yoga, kami minum teh hangat…
Literally: After [having] finished yoga practice, we drank warm tea…
Sounds natural and a bit more compact; subject (kami) is understood from the main clause.

All three are acceptable and commonly used. The original (setelah latihan yoga selesai) is very natural and neutral.

What is the difference between latihan and berlatih, and why do we use latihan here?

Latihan is mainly a noun: practice, training, exercise.
- latihan yoga = yoga practice / yoga session
- latihan sepak bola = football training
Berlatih is a verb: to practice.
- Saya berlatih yoga tiap pagi. = I practice yoga every morning.

We use latihan here because we are talking about a session:

Setelah latihan yoga selesai…
= After the yoga practice (session) finished…

If you used berlatih, you’d need a slightly different structure:

Setelah kami berlatih yoga, kami minum teh hangat…
= After we practiced yoga, we drank warm tea…

Both are fine, but the given sentence chooses the noun version (latihan yoga).

What is the difference between kami and kita, and why is kami used here?

Both mean we, but:

Kami = we (not including the listener)
Kita = we (including the listener)

In the sentence:

Kami minum teh hangat di ruang tamu.
= We drank warm tea in the living room (and you were not part of that group).

If the speaker wants to include the listener (for example, talking about something they did together), they’d say:

Kita minum teh hangat di ruang tamu.
= We (you and I / you all and I) drank warm tea in the living room.

So kami is chosen because the implied context is that the listener was not part of the group drinking tea.

In English we say we drank (past tense). Why is minum not changed in Indonesian?

Indonesian verbs do not conjugate for tense. The verb form minum stays the same for:

I drink / I drank
we drink / we drank
they drink / they drank

Time is shown by context or by time words, not by changing the verb:

Kemarin kami minum teh hangat.
Yesterday we drank warm tea.
Tadi kami minum teh hangat.
We drank warm tea a moment ago.
Besok kami akan minum teh hangat.
Tomorrow we will drink warm tea.

In your sentence, setelah latihan yoga selesai already tells you this happened after the practice, so the past meaning is clear without changing minum.

What is the difference between minum and meminum? Could I say kami meminum teh hangat?

Minum is the most common, neutral verb: to drink.
Meminum is a meN- form (transitive), often:
- more formal, or
- used when you want to emphasize consuming the drink (e.g., taking medicine), or
- used in writing rather than casual speech.

In everyday conversation, people almost always say:

Kami minum teh hangat.

Kami meminum teh hangat is grammatically correct, but would sound:

formal, or
a bit stiff/odd in a simple daily-life context.

So for natural spoken Indonesian, stick with minum here.

Does teh hangat mean hot tea or warm tea? When do you use hangat vs panas?

Hangat = warm, pleasantly warm, not too hot.
Panas = hot, often quite hot.

So:

teh hangat = warm tea
teh panas = hot tea

In real usage:

Menus or speakers often say teh hangat for tea that is served warm/hot but meant to be comfortably drinkable.
Teh panas emphasizes that it really is hot (freshly boiled, might burn your mouth).

Both are used, but teh hangat is very common and sounds gentle and pleasant.

Why is the adjective after the noun in teh hangat instead of before, like in English hot tea?

In Indonesian, the general rule is:

noun + adjective

So you say:

teh hangat = tea warm
rumah besar = house big
baju merah = shirt red

In English, adjectives usually come before the noun (hot tea), but Indonesian reverses that order. So you don’t say hangat teh; it must be teh hangat.

What does ruang tamu literally mean, and why is there no word for the?

Literally:

ruang = room / space
tamu = guest

So ruang tamu is guest room in a literal sense, but in Indonesian it refers to the living room / sitting room, i.e., the room where you receive guests.

There is no separate word for a / an / the in Indonesian. So:

di ruang tamu can mean:
- in the living room
- in a living room

Context tells you which one is meant. If you need to be specific, you can add:

di ruang tamu itu = in that living room
di ruang tamu rumah saya = in my house’s living room

How do I say in my living room or in that living room more specifically?

You add possessive words or demonstratives:

di ruang tamu saya
= in my living room
di ruang tamu kami
= in our living room (not including you)
di ruang tamu kita
= in our living room (including you)
di ruang tamu itu
= in that living room / in the living room (that we’ve been talking about)
di ruang tamu rumah saya
= in the living room of my house (a bit more explicit)

The original di ruang tamu is already natural and usually understood as in the living room of the place you’re talking about (e.g., the house where they just did yoga).

How do you pronounce ruang, latihan, and hangat? I’m unsure about ng and the vowels.

Pronunciation tips (roughly):

ruang
- ru like roo in room
- a like a in father
- ng like ng in song (the final ng sound)
- So ruang ≈ roo-ahng (one combined syllable, but you can feel ru-ang when learning).
latihan
- la like la in lava
- ti like tee in tea (not like English tie)
- han like hahn (short a, clear h)
- So latihan ≈ la-tee-hahn.
hangat
- ha like ha in hard (but shorter)
- ng again like song
- at like ut in cut (short a, final t pronounced, not silent)
- So hangat ≈ hahng-ut.

The ng in ruang and hangat is always a clear ng sound, never like the English g in finger.

Can you break down the whole sentence word by word with a very literal translation?

Original sentence:

Setelah latihan yoga selesai, kami minum teh hangat di ruang tamu.

Word by word:

Setelah = after
latihan = practice / training
yoga = yoga
selesai = finished
kami = we (not including you)
minum = drink
teh = tea
hangat = warm
di = in / at
ruang = room
tamu = guest

Very literal structure:

After [yoga practice finished], we drink tea warm in room guest.

Natural English:

After the yoga practice finished, we drank warm tea in the living room.