Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Saya menyadari bahwa jadwal pelatihan berubah, tetapi teman saya belum sadar. - I realize that the training schedule has changed, but my friend has not realized it.

bold menyadari is transitive: it means to realize/become aware of something and normally takes an object (a clause with bold bahwa, or a noun like bold hal itu). Example: bold Saya menyadari bahwa jadwal pelatihan berubah.
bold sadar is stative/intransitive: it means to be aware/conscious. It can stand alone or be followed by a complement. Examples:
- bold Saya sadar. (I’m aware.)
- bold Saya sadar bahwa jadwal pelatihan berubah.
- bold Saya sadar akan risikonya. (aware of the risk)

Do I need bold bahwa here? Can I omit it?

bold Bahwa introduces a content clause and is common in formal or careful speech/writing. In everyday speech it’s often omitted when the meaning is clear:

With bold bahwa (more formal/explicit): bold Saya menyadari bahwa jadwal pelatihan berubah.
Without bold bahwa (natural in speech): bold Saya menyadari jadwal pelatihan berubah. Both are correct. bold Bahwa adds clarity and a slightly more formal tone.

Can I say bold saya sadar instead of bold saya menyadari?

Yes. Both are natural, but there’s a nuance:

bold Saya menyadari … suggests a moment or act of realization.
bold Saya sadar … presents a state of awareness. In many contexts they’re interchangeable; bold menyadari feels a bit more dynamic.

Should there be bold akan after bold sadar (e.g., bold sadar akan …)?

Use bold akan when bold sadar is followed by a noun phrase: bold sadar akan risiko, bold sadar akan perubahan. When it’s followed by a clause, use bold bahwa (or omit it): bold sadar bahwa jadwal pelatihan berubah. Don’t say bold sadar akan bahwa …

What’s the difference between bold berubah and bold mengubah? Is bold merubah correct?

bold berubah = to change (intransitive; something changes by itself). Example: bold Jadwal pelatihan berubah.
bold mengubah = to change something (transitive). Example: bold Panitia mengubah jadwal pelatihan.
bold merubah is widely seen but considered nonstandard. The standard active form is bold mengubah (root: bold ubah). Also:
- Passive: bold diubah (The schedule was changed).
- Noun: bold perubahan (a change).

Do I need bold sudah/telah with bold berubah to mean “has changed”?

Indonesian doesn’t mark tense morphologically, so aspect words help if you want to be explicit:

Neutral (time unspecified): bold Jadwal pelatihan berubah.
Completed: bold Jadwal pelatihan sudah/telah berubah.
In progress: bold Jadwal pelatihan sedang berubah. bold Telah is more formal; bold sudah is neutral/common.

Why use bold tetapi here? Could I use bold tapi, bold namun, bold sedangkan, or bold padahal?

bold tetapi = but/however (neutral/formal). Your sentence is perfect with it.
bold tapi = informal conversational version of bold tetapi.
bold namun = however (often at sentence start; formal/written). Example: bold Namun, teman saya belum sadar.
bold sedangkan = whereas/while (contrasts two subjects doing different things). Example: bold Saya menyadari …, sedangkan teman saya belum sadar.
bold padahal = even though/whereas (implies the second clause contradicts an expectation set by the first). Use with care; it adds a nuance of “while in fact.”

Is the comma before bold tetapi necessary?

Yes, in standard writing you place a comma before coordinating conjunctions like bold tetapi when they link two clauses: bold … berubah, tetapi …

Does bold teman saya belum sadar mean “unaware” or “unconscious”? How do I avoid ambiguity?

bold Sadar can mean “aware” or “conscious,” so the phrase is context-dependent. To make “aware” explicit:

bold Teman saya belum menyadarinya. (…hasn’t realized it yet.)
bold Teman saya belum sadar akan hal itu.
bold Teman saya belum tahu. (…doesn’t know yet.) To mean “unconscious”:
bold Teman saya belum sadar/siuman. (still unconscious/not yet come to.)

Why bold belum and not bold tidak? What’s the nuance?

bold belum = not yet (implies it may happen later). bold Teman saya belum sadar suggests they will eventually become aware.
bold tidak = not (no implication of later change). bold Teman saya tidak sadar could mean they are unaware, with no expectation they’ll realize, or they’re unconscious.

Where does bold belum go in the sentence?

Place bold belum directly before the predicate it negates:

bold Teman saya belum sadar. (not yet aware/conscious)
bold Teman saya belum menyadari. (not yet realized)
bold Teman saya belum menyadarinya. (not yet realized it)

Can I say bold teman saya belum menyadarinya? What does bold -nya refer to?

Yes. bold Menyadarinya = realize it. The clitic bold -nya here is a pronoun meaning “it/that.” In your context, bold -nya refers to the fact that the training schedule changed:

bold Teman saya belum menyadarinya. (= hasn’t realized it yet)

Is bold teman saya the best way to say “my friend”? What about bold dia, bold temanku, bold kawan, or different pronouns?

bold teman saya = my friend (neutral/formal with bold saya).
bold temanku = my friend (informal, enclitic bold -ku).
bold dia = he/she; you can say bold Dia belum sadar if it’s clear you mean your friend.
bold kawan/sahabat = friend (kawan neutral/literary; sahabat implies close friend).
Pronouns: bold saya (neutral/formal), bold aku (informal), bold gue (very informal, Jakarta). Match the register consistently: bold Aku sadar …, tapi temanku belum …

Is bold jadwal pelatihan the normal way to say “training schedule”? Why not bold jadwal dari pelatihan?

Yes, bold jadwal pelatihan is the standard noun–noun construction (head noun first, modifier second). bold Jadwal dari pelatihan sounds awkward and is usually unnecessary. For definiteness you can add bold itu:

bold jadwal pelatihan itu = that/the training schedule.

What’s the difference between bold pelatihan and bold latihan?

bold pelatihan = training (organized instruction, workshops, courses).
bold latihan = practice/exercises (repeated drills, rehearsals). So a course’s schedule is bold jadwal pelatihan, while a team’s practice schedule can be bold jadwal latihan.

Are there more colloquial ways to say the whole sentence?

Yes, for informal speech:

bold Aku baru sadar jadwal pelatihan sudah berubah, tapi temanku belum tahu.
bold Ternyata jadwal pelatihan berubah; temanku belum ngeh. (bold ngeh = slang for “catch on”) Use bold aku/temanku in informal contexts; stick with bold saya/teman saya in neutral/formal contexts.

How is bold menyadari formed, and what’s bold menyadarkan?

bold menyadari = meN- + sadar + -i → to realize/be aware of something (takes an object). Example: bold Saya menyadari hal itu.
bold menyadarkan = meN- + sadar + -kan → to make someone aware, to bring (someone) to consciousness. Example: bold Kami berusaha menyadarkan peserta tentang risikonya.