Breakdown of Í september og október skoðar hún dagatalið sitt á hverju kvöldi svo hún missi ekki af neinum fundi.
Questions & Answers about Í september og október skoðar hún dagatalið sitt á hverju kvöldi svo hún missi ekki af neinum fundi.
Why is it Í september og október? Does í mean in here?
Yes. Here í means in with months and longer time periods, so Í september og október means in September and October.
A useful pattern is:
- í janúar = in January
- í sumar = in summer
- í vetur = in winter
In this sentence, í only appears once, but it applies to both months:
- Í september og október = in September and October
That is completely normal.
Why are september and október not capitalized?
In Icelandic, names of months are normally not capitalized, unlike in English.
So Icelandic writes:
- september
- október
- mánudagur = Monday
This is standard spelling, not a special feature of this sentence.
What does skoðar mean, and why is it in that form?
Skoðar is the present tense of the verb að skoða, which often means to look at, to examine, or to check.
Here:
- hún skoðar = she checks / she looks at
The verb agrees with the subject hún:
- ég skoða = I check
- þú skoðar = you check
- hún skoðar = she checks
So skoðar is simply the correct present-tense form for she.
Why is it dagatalið sitt and not dagatalið hennar?
This is because Icelandic often uses the reflexive possessive sinn / sín / sitt when the owner is the same as the subject of the clause.
Here, the subject is hún = she, and the calendar belongs to that same person, so Icelandic uses sitt:
- hún skoðar dagatalið sitt = she checks her own calendar
If you said dagatalið hennar, that would more naturally mean her calendar in a non-reflexive sense, often suggesting someone else’s calendar depending on context.
So:
- sitt = her own
- hennar = her, but not reflexive
Why is it sitt specifically, not sinn or sína?
Because sinn / sín / sitt must agree with the noun it refers to.
The noun here is dagatal = calendar, which is:
- neuter
- singular
- here in the definite form: dagatalið = the calendar
The neuter singular form of the reflexive possessive is sitt.
So:
- masculine singular: sinn
- feminine singular: sína
- neuter singular: sitt
That is why you get dagatalið sitt.
Why does dagatalið have -ið at the end?
That -ið is the definite article attached to the noun. Icelandic usually puts the at the end of the noun rather than as a separate word.
So:
- dagatal = a calendar
- dagatalið = the calendar
This is one of the most important features of Icelandic grammar. Instead of a separate word like English the, Icelandic often uses a suffix.
Why is it á hverju kvöldi? I thought á usually meant on.
Á often does mean on, but with time expressions it can also be used in ways that English would translate differently.
Here:
- á hverju kvöldi = every evening
This is a common Icelandic time expression. You can think of it as a fixed pattern:
- á hverjum degi = every day
- á hverju kvöldi = every evening
- á hverju ári = every year
So even though á often corresponds to on, in expressions like this it is best learned as part of the whole phrase.
Why is it hverju kvöldi and not hvert kvöld?
Because after á in this kind of repeated-time expression, Icelandic uses the dative.
So:
- á hverju kvöldi = every evening
Both words are in the dative singular:
- hverju = dative form of hver
- kvöldi = dative form of kvöld
This is a good example of how prepositions often control case in Icelandic.
What does svo mean here? Is it so, therefore, or so that?
Here svo means so that.
It introduces a purpose clause:
- svo hún missi ekki af neinum fundi
- so that she does not miss any meeting
This is not the therefore meaning. It is about purpose or intention: she checks her calendar every evening in order not to miss meetings.
Why is it missi instead of missir?
Because after svo in a purpose clause, Icelandic often uses the subjunctive.
Compare:
- hún missir = she misses / she is missing
- indicative
- svo hún missi ekki = so that she won’t miss / so that she does not miss
- subjunctive
So missi is the subjunctive form of að missa in this sentence.
For learners, a very useful takeaway is:
- svo + subjunctive often expresses so that / in order that
What does missa af mean? Why is there an af?
Að missa af is a very common Icelandic expression meaning to miss in the sense of fail to attend, not catch, or not be present for something.
So:
- missa af fundi = miss a meeting
- missa af strætó = miss the bus
- missa af tónleikum = miss the concert
This is different from plain að missa, which can also mean to lose or drop something.
So the af is part of the expression and should be learned together with the verb.
Why is it af neinum fundi? What case is fundi?
The preposition af takes the dative, so the noun after it must be in the dative.
That is why you get:
- fundi = dative singular of fundur = meeting
And neinum is also dative singular to match it:
- neinum fundi = any meeting / no meeting in this negative sentence
So the structure is:
- af
- dative
- af neinum fundi
Why does it say ekki af neinum fundi? Why use neinum with a negative?
In Icelandic, after a negative like ekki, it is very common to use forms like neinn to mean any or effectively no in English.
So:
- hún missi ekki af neinum fundi
literally looks something like:
- she not miss any meeting
but the natural meaning is:
- so that she doesn’t miss any meeting
- or more idiomatically, so that she doesn’t miss a single meeting
This combination of ekki + neinum is normal Icelandic.
Why is fundi singular? Why not plural if she means meetings in general?
Icelandic often uses the singular in expressions where English might also use singular or plural depending on style.
So:
- ekki af neinum fundi literally = not any meeting
- natural English = not miss any meeting or not miss any meetings
The singular here does not mean only one specific meeting. It can still express a general idea: she does not want to miss even a single meeting.
What is the basic word order of the sentence?
The sentence is built like this:
- Í september og október = time expression
- skoðar hún dagatalið sitt á hverju kvöldi = main clause
- svo hún missi ekki af neinum fundi = purpose clause
A rough breakdown:
- Í september og október = In September and October
- skoðar hún = she checks
- dagatalið sitt = her own calendar
- á hverju kvöldi = every evening
- svo hún missi ekki af neinum fundi = so that she does not miss any meeting
One thing to notice is that the sentence begins with a time phrase, and then the verb comes before the subject:
- Í september og október skoðar hún ...
This follows the common Icelandic verb-second pattern.
Why is the verb before the subject in Í september og október skoðar hún?
Because Icelandic is generally a verb-second language in main clauses.
That means the finite verb usually comes in the second position, not necessarily the second word.
So if the sentence starts with a time phrase, that phrase takes the first position, and the verb comes next:
- Í september og október = first position
- skoðar = second position
- hún = subject after the verb
If the sentence started with the subject instead, you would get:
- Hún skoðar dagatalið sitt ...
Both patterns are normal, but when a time expression is moved to the front, the verb usually stays in second position.
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