בבקתה הקטנה אין מטבח, אבל יש מקום לשים את התרמיל ואת הפנס.

Hebrew often puts the location first in sentences with יש / אין to set the scene.

So בבקתה הקטנה אין מטבח is very natural:
In the small cabin, there is no kitchen.

English can do this too, but Hebrew uses this structure very often.

The preposition ב־ means in.

In Hebrew, ב־ + ה־ (in + the) combine into בַ־. In normal unpointed spelling, that still looks like בב..., so בבקתה could look ambiguous by itself.

But here the adjective is הקטנה (the small), and adjectives must match definiteness. That tells us the noun is also definite:

• בבקתה הקטנה = in the small cabin
• בבקתה קטנה = in a small cabin

So in this sentence, it is definitely the cabin.

In Hebrew, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

So:

• בקתה קטנה = a small cabin
• הבקתה הקטנה or, after a preposition, בבקתה הקטנה = the small cabin

This is one of the most basic word-order differences between English and Hebrew.

Because בקתה is a feminine singular noun, and Hebrew adjectives must agree with the noun in:

• gender
• number
• definiteness

So:

• masculine singular: קטן
• feminine singular: קטנה

Since בקתה is feminine singular, the adjective must be קטנה / הקטנה.

In Hebrew, יש means there is / there are, and אין means there is no / there are no.

So:

• יש מקום = there is a place
• אין מטבח = there is no kitchen

This is the normal way Hebrew expresses existence in the present tense. Hebrew usually does not use a present-tense verb meaning to be in sentences like this.

Because Hebrew has no indefinite article. There is no separate word for a / an.

So:

• מטבח can mean a kitchen
• מקום can mean a place

If the noun is definite, Hebrew usually adds ה־:

• מטבח = a kitchen
• המטבח = the kitchen

Because מטבח here is not a direct object. It is the thing whose existence is being stated or denied.

In other words:

• אין מטבח = there is no kitchen

The word את is only used before a definite direct object, not after יש / אין in this kind of existential sentence.

Literally, it means a place to put.

• מקום = place
• לשים = to put

Hebrew often uses a noun followed by an infinitive this way:

• מקום לשבת = a place to sit
• זמן ללכת = time to go
• מקום לשים = a place to put

So the structure is very natural.

Here ל־ is part of the infinitive, like English to in to put.

So:

• שים! = put! (command)
• לשים = to put

This ל־ is extremely common in Hebrew infinitives.

את marks a definite direct object. It usually is not translated into English.

So in:

• לשים את התרמיל = to put the backpack
• את הפנס = the flashlight as another direct object

You use את because התרמיל and הפנס are definite nouns: the backpack, the flashlight.

Because Hebrew often repeats את before each definite direct object in a list:

• את התרמיל ואת הפנס

That is completely normal and very clear. Hebrew can sometimes also say:

• את התרמיל והפנס

but repeating את is very common, especially in careful, natural speech and writing.

The ה־ means the, so these are:

• התרמיל = the backpack
• הפנס = the flashlight

The sentence is talking about specific items, not just any backpack or any flashlight. That is why they are definite, and that is also why they take את.

If they were indefinite, you would not use ה־, and normally not את either.