אם הכוס תיפול שוב, תריםי אותה לאט.

A natural transliteration is Im ha-kos tipol shuv, tarimi ota le'at.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• אם = im
• הכוס = ha-kos
• תיפול = tipol
• שוב = shuv
• תריםי = tarimi
• אותה = ota
• לאט = le'at

That is a very common English-speaker question.

In Hebrew, after אם when you are talking about a future possibility, the verb is normally in the future tense. So:

• אם הכוס תיפול שוב = if the cup falls again

Literally, word-for-word, it looks closer to if the cup will fall again, but that is just how Hebrew structures it. English and Hebrew follow different tense rules after if.

Because in everyday Hebrew, the future form is very often used as a command or instruction.

So תריםי אותה לאט can mean:

• you will pick it up slowly
• or, more naturally in context, pick it up slowly

The formal imperative to one woman would be הרימי אותה לאט, but in normal modern speech most people would say תריםי אותה לאט.

There are feminine forms for two different reasons:

• הכוס is a feminine noun, so the verb that agrees with it is feminine: תיפול
• The speaker is talking to one female person, so the command/future form is feminine singular: תריםי

Also, the object pronoun אותה is feminine singular because it refers back to הכוס.

So the sentence is full of feminine forms because:

1. the cup is grammatically feminine
2. the person being addressed is female

It can mean either one.

אותה is the direct-object pronoun for feminine singular. So depending on context, it can mean:

• her
• it

Here it refers to הכוס, which is a feminine noun, so in English we translate it as it:

• תריםי אותה = pick it up

Because Hebrew has grammatical gender, not just biological sex.

That means every noun is assigned a gender, and other words have to agree with it. So כוס happens to be grammatically feminine, even though a cup is obviously not a female living thing.

This is similar to languages like Spanish, French, or German, where objects also have grammatical gender.

Hebrew does not need a separate word for up here.

The verb להרים already means to lift, to raise, or to pick up. So:

• תריםי אותה literally = lift it
• natural English = pick it up

English uses a phrasal verb with up, but Hebrew expresses that idea inside the verb itself.

לאט means slowly.

It modifies the action of picking up the cup:

• תריםי אותה לאט = pick it up slowly

Putting לאט at the end is very natural in Hebrew. Hebrew often places adverbs like לאט, מהר, and בשקט after the verb and object.

שוב means again.

So:

• תיפול שוב = fall again

Its position is normal. In Hebrew, שוב often comes after the verb it relates to. You can sometimes move it for emphasis, but תיפול שוב is the neutral, standard order here.

If you are speaking to one man, you would say:

אם הכוס תיפול שוב, תרים אותה לאט.

The only change is:

• תריםי = to one woman
• תרים = to one man

Everything else stays the same.

In everyday Hebrew, you would usually say:

אם הכוס תיפול שוב, תרימו אותה לאט.

That works for:

• a group of men
• a mixed group
• and very often even a group of women in spoken Hebrew

In very formal grammar, feminine plural has its own forms, but in modern spoken Hebrew people usually use תרימו for groups.

Because אם means if, while כש means when.

• אם הכוס תיפול שוב = if the cup falls again
  This presents it as a possibility or condition.

• כשהכוס תיפול שוב = when the cup falls again
  This sounds more like the speaker expects it to happen.

So אם is the right choice when the meaning is conditional.