הרופאה נתנה לי מרשם, ועכשיו אני הולכת לבית המרקחת.

הרופאה means the (female) doctor. The ending -ה here marks the noun as feminine.

• רופא = a male doctor
• רופאה = a female doctor

The ה־ at the beginning is the, so:

• הרופא = the male doctor
• הרופאה = the female doctor

So this sentence specifically says that the doctor is female.

Hebrew often leaves out subject pronouns when the verb already makes the subject clear.

נתנה already tells you:

• past tense
• she gave
• singular
• feminine

So Hebrew does not need היא here.
The sentence could say היא נתנה לי מרשם, but that would usually sound more emphatic, like she gave me a prescription.

נתנה means gave, and it is the past tense, third-person feminine singular form of the verb לתת (to give).

So:

• נתן = he gave
• נתנה = she gave

Because the doctor is feminine (הרופאה), the verb also appears in the feminine form.

לי means to me.

It is made from:

• ל־ = to
• י = me

So נתנה לי מרשם is literally gave to me a prescription.

That is normal Hebrew word order with this verb. English says gave me a prescription, but Hebrew often expresses that as gave to me a prescription.

There is no separate word, because Hebrew has no indefinite article.

So:

• מרשם can mean a prescription
• המרשם means the prescription

In this sentence, מרשם has no ה־, so it is indefinite: a prescription.

Because the Hebrew word for and is usually the prefix ו־, attached directly to the next word.

So:

• עכשיו = now
• ועכשיו = and now

This is extremely common in Hebrew:

• וספר = and a book / and book
• והילד = and the boy
• ואני = and I

Because the speaker is female.

In the present tense, Hebrew adjectives and many participle-like verb forms agree with gender:

• אני הולך = I go / I am going — said by a male
• אני הולכת = I go / I am going — said by a female

So this sentence is being spoken by a woman or girl.

It can mean either one, depending on context.

In modern Hebrew, the present tense often covers both:

• I go
• I am going

Here, because of ועכשיו (and now), the meaning is clearly I am going now or I’m going now.

Because the sentence describes something happening now.

• אני הולכת עכשיו = I am going now / I’m going now
• אני אלך = I will go

Hebrew often uses the present tense for actions in progress, just like English uses am going. Since the speaker is going to the pharmacy right now, הולכת is the natural choice.

This breaks down as:

• ל־ = to
• בית המרקחת = the pharmacy

So לבית המרקחת means to the pharmacy.

A useful thing to know: in normal Hebrew writing, prefixes like ל־ attach directly to the following word, so you do not write them separately.

Because this is a construct phrase in Hebrew.

בית המרקחת is literally something like the house of the compounding/drug preparation, but as a fixed expression it means the pharmacy.

In a construct phrase:

• the first noun usually does not take ה־
• definiteness is shown on the second noun

So:

• בית מרקחת = a pharmacy
• בית המרקחת = the pharmacy

Not הבית המרקחת.

This is a very important Hebrew pattern.

Literally, it is something like the house of the medicine-compounding or the drug-preparation house.

In real usage, though, it simply means pharmacy or drugstore.

This is one of many Hebrew expressions built with בית (house of / place of), where the literal meaning is less important than the fixed idiomatic meaning.