Η μικρή έχει μάθει να πίνει νερό από το παγούρι της χωρίς βοήθεια.

Yes. Η μικρή literally means the little one or the little girl.

Here μικρή is originally an adjective meaning small / little, but Greek often uses adjectives as nouns when the noun is understood from context. So depending on the situation, Η μικρή could mean:

• the little girl
• the little one
• the young child
• sometimes even our daughter, in a family context

Because it is feminine singular, it suggests a female child.

Because the sentence is referring to a female child.

Greek adjectives and articles agree in:

• gender
• number
• case

So:

• η μικρή = feminine singular
• το μικρό = neuter singular

If the speaker meant the little boy, it would be ο μικρός.

Έχει μάθει means has learned.

It is the present perfect form of μαθαίνω (to learn). It is built with:

• έχει = has
• μάθει = the fixed perfect form of learn

So:

• μαθαίνει = she learns / is learning
• έμαθε = she learned
• έχει μάθει = she has learned

In this sentence, it emphasizes the result: she now knows how to do it.

Both are possible, but they are not identical in nuance.

• Έμαθε = she learned
• Έχει μάθει = she has learned

Έχει μάθει highlights the fact that the learning is complete and the result is true now. In other words, she now has this ability.

So the sentence is not just about a past event. It stresses her present skill: she has learned to drink from her bottle without help.

Because Modern Greek usually uses να + verb where English often uses an infinitive.

English says:

• has learned to drink

Greek says:

• έχει μάθει να πίνει

Modern Greek does not normally use an infinitive like English to drink. Instead, it uses a να-clause.

So να πίνει is the natural Greek equivalent of to drink in this kind of sentence.

This is a very common learner question.

Greek often makes a distinction between:

• imperfective: να πίνει
• perfective: να πιει

Here να πίνει is used because the meaning is about a general skill / repeated action / ongoing ability. She has learned how to drink from her bottle.

If you said να πιει, it would sound more like learning to perform a single completed act of drinking.

So:

• να πίνει = to drink, as a skill or regular action
• να πιει = to drink once / to finish drinking

In this sentence, the imperfective πίνει is the natural choice.

In most teaching grammars, yes, it is usually described as a subjunctive-type form introduced by να.

The important practical point for learners is this:

• να
  • verb is a very common Greek structure
• it often translates English to + verb, but also many other meanings depending on context

So you do not need to think of it as a direct one-word equivalent of the English infinitive. It is a Greek clause structure that covers several jobs.

Because νερό here means water in a general, uncountable sense.

Just as English often says:

• drink water

Greek also often says:

• πίνει νερό

No article is needed when speaking generally about the substance.

If you added an article, the meaning would become more specific, depending on context:

• πίνει το νερό = she drinks the water / that water

It means from her bottle or out of her bottle.

Breakdown:

• από = from
• το παγούρι = the bottle / canteen / water bottle
• της = her

With verbs like πίνω, Greek commonly uses από for drinking from a container:

• πίνω από το ποτήρι = I drink from the glass
• πίνω από το μπουκάλι = I drink from the bottle

So από το παγούρι της is very natural here.

Παγούρι is a neuter noun. It usually means a water bottle, canteen, or a child's drinking bottle, depending on context.

Its article here is το, which shows it is neuter singular:

• το παγούρι

Because the sentence is about a child learning to drink on her own, παγούρι most likely refers to her own drinking bottle or sippy-type bottle.

Because Greek commonly expresses possession with a weak possessive pronoun placed after the noun.

So:

• το παγούρι της = her bottle
• literally: the bottle her

This is very normal Greek word order.

Compare:

• το βιβλίο μου = my book
• η τσάντα σου = your bag
• το σπίτι τους = their house

It refers to the owner, not to the thing owned.

So in το παγούρι της, the noun παγούρι is neuter, but της means her, referring to a feminine possessor.

That is why it is της and not something neuter.

You can think of it this way:

• το παγούρι = the bottle
• της = belonging to her

Because the sentence refers to a specific bottle, presumably the one that belongs to her.

• το παγούρι της = her bottle
• ένα παγούρι = a bottle

Using the definite article makes it sound like a known, identifiable object.

Χωρίς βοήθεια means without help or without assistance.

There is no article because the meaning is general:

• without help

This is similar to English, where we also usually do not say without the help unless we mean some specific help.

Compare:

• χωρίς βοήθεια = without help, unaided
• χωρίς τη βοήθεια της μαμάς = without the mother's help

So the article is omitted because the idea is general, not specific.

It describes how she drinks from the bottle, or more broadly how she performs the learned action.

So the idea is:

• She has learned
• to drink water from her bottle
• without help

In English, you could paraphrase it as:

• She has learned to drink water from her bottle on her own.

A learner might find it helpful to break them down like this:

• Η μικρή = nominative, because it is the subject
• νερό = accusative, because it is the direct object of πίνει
• το παγούρι = accusative after από
• βοήθεια = accusative after χωρίς

A small note: in this sentence, some forms look the same in nominative and accusative, especially neuter nouns like νερό and παγούρι, so the article and syntax help you understand the role.

It is specifically about drinking water, because the object νερό is stated explicitly.

If Greek wanted to say something more general like has learned to drink from her bottle, it could omit νερό if the context made it obvious. But here the sentence clearly includes water as the thing being drunk.

Yes, very much.

In Greek, using ο μικρός / η μικρή for a child often sounds natural and affectionate, especially in family or everyday speech. It can feel warmer and more personal than always saying το κορίτσι or η κόρη.

So the sentence may sound a bit like:

• The little one has learned to drink water from her bottle without help.

That tone is very common in Greek.