Η νονά του παιδιού μένει στην πόλη, αλλά ο νονός του μένει σε άλλο χωριό.

These are the Greek definite articles, and they change for gender.

• η = the for feminine singular nouns
• ο = the for masculine singular nouns

So:

• η νονά = the godmother
• ο νονός = the godfather

Greek articles must agree with the noun’s gender.

Yes. They are the feminine and masculine versions of the same basic idea:

• νονά = godmother
• νονός = godfather

This is a very common pattern in Greek: related masculine and feminine nouns often have different endings.

Because Greek uses the genitive to show possession or relationship.

• το παιδί = the child
• του παιδιού = of the child / the child’s

So η νονά του παιδιού literally means the godmother of the child.

This is one of the most important uses of the genitive in Greek.

That second του is not exactly the same kind of word as the first one.

In του παιδιού, του is the genitive article that goes with παιδιού.

In ο νονός του, του is a weak possessive pronoun, meaning his or its, depending on context.

So:

• ο νονός του = his godfather / the child’s godfather

Here it refers back to the child already mentioned.

Yes, absolutely.

Greek often avoids repeating a full noun phrase if the meaning is already clear. So after του παιδιού has been mentioned once, the sentence can simply use του.

That makes the sentence more natural and less repetitive.

Here μένει means lives.

The verb μένω can mean different things depending on context, such as:

• live
• stay
• remain

In this sentence, because it is followed by places, it clearly means live.

So:

• μένει στην πόλη = lives in the city
• μένει σε άλλο χωριό = lives in another village

Because στην is a contraction of σε + την.

• σε = in / at / to
• την = feminine singular article in the accusative
• σε + την = στην

So:

• στην πόλη = in the city

But σε άλλο χωριό has no article because άλλο χωριό means another village, which is indefinite. Greek usually does not use the definite article there.

Compare:

• στην πόλη = in the city
• σε άλλο χωριό = in another village

Because άλλο must agree with χωριό.

χωριό is:

• singular
• neuter

So the adjective must also be neuter singular:

• άλλο χωριό = another village

If the noun were masculine or feminine, the form would change:

• άλλος άνθρωπος = another man/person
• άλλη πόλη = another city

In Modern Greek, σε normally takes the accusative.

So:

• στην πόλη: πόλη is accusative
• σε άλλο χωριό: χωριό is accusative

This is very normal. A useful pattern to remember is:

• μένω σε + accusative place

For example:

• μένω στην Αθήνα
• μένω σε μικρό σπίτι
• μένω στο χωριό

Greek often repeats the verb in coordinated sentences, especially when the two clauses are parallel.

So this is very natural:

• Η νονά του παιδιού μένει στην πόλη, αλλά ο νονός του μένει σε άλλο χωριό.

Repeating μένει makes the contrast clearer and smoother.

You might sometimes hear omission in very informal speech if the meaning is obvious, but here repeating the verb is the standard and natural choice.

Yes, Greek word order is fairly flexible compared with English, because case endings and articles help show relationships.

The sentence uses a very neutral, natural order:

• subject + verb + place

So:

• Η νονά του παιδιού μένει στην πόλη
• ο νονός του μένει σε άλλο χωριό

Other orders are possible for emphasis, but this version sounds straightforward and standard.

Because Greek often expresses possession with short genitive pronouns placed after the noun.

So instead of something like his godfather with a separate word before the noun, Greek says:

• ο νονός του

Literally, this is closer to the godfather of him / of it, but in normal English we translate it as his godfather or the child’s godfather.

This post-noun possessive pattern is very common in Greek:

• η μητέρα μου = my mother
• ο φίλος σου = your friend
• το σπίτι του = his house

στην comes from σε + την.

The full form is:

• σε την πόλη

But in normal Greek this contracts to:

• στην πόλη

The final -ν is standard here, especially before certain sounds like the π in πόλη. So στην πόλη is the expected written form.