Breakdown of Αν και ο λογιστής είπε ότι δεν του χρωστάω τίποτα πια, θέλω να δω ξανά το τιμολόγιο και το υπόλοιπο, για να είμαι σίγουρος.
Questions & Answers about Αν και ο λογιστής είπε ότι δεν του χρωστάω τίποτα πια, θέλω να δω ξανά το τιμολόγιο και το υπόλοιπο, για να είμαι σίγουρος.
What does Αν και mean at the beginning of the sentence?
Αν και means although / even though.
It introduces a contrast:
- Αν και ο λογιστής είπε... = Although the accountant said...
A learner might expect just αν to mean if, but αν και is a fixed expression meaning although, not if and.
Why is there an article in ο λογιστής? English often says just the accountant or sometimes even drops the article in some contexts.
In Greek, the definite article is used very regularly, much more than in English.
- ο λογιστής = the accountant
Greek usually says the article with professions and people when referring to a specific person already known in the context. So this is completely normal Greek.
What exactly does λογιστής mean here? Is it always accountant?
Yes, λογιστής usually means accountant.
Depending on context, it can refer to:
- an accountant
- a bookkeeper
- a tax accountant / tax preparer
In everyday Greek, it often refers to the person who handles someone’s taxes or financial paperwork.
Why is είπε used here? What tense is it?
Είπε is the aorist (simple past) of λέω (to say).
So:
- ο λογιστής είπε = the accountant said
The Greek aorist here gives a simple completed past action, much like English said.
What does ότι do in this sentence?
Ότι means that and introduces reported speech or a content clause.
- είπε ότι... = said that...
So:
- ο λογιστής είπε ότι δεν του χρωστάω τίποτα πια
- the accountant said that I don’t owe him anything anymore
In everyday spoken Greek, ότι is sometimes omitted after verbs like λέω, but using it is completely standard and clear.
Why is it δεν του χρωστάω? What does του mean?
Here του means to him.
The verb χρωστάω means to owe, and the person you owe something to is often shown with a weak pronoun like this:
- του χρωστάω = I owe him
- της χρωστάω = I owe her
- τους χρωστάω = I owe them
So:
- δεν του χρωστάω τίποτα πια = I don’t owe him anything anymore
Grammatically, του is the weak genitive pronoun, but in meaning here it functions like an indirect object: to him.
Why is χρωστάω in the present tense if the accountant said it in the past?
Because the thing being reported is still true now.
- είπε ότι δεν του χρωστάω τίποτα πια
- literally: he said that I don’t owe him anything anymore
Greek often keeps the present tense in this kind of reported clause when the statement refers to a current situation. English can do the same in some contexts, although English also often shifts tense more automatically.
So the idea is:
- the accountant spoke in the past,
- but the lack of debt is true in the present.
What is the difference between τίποτα and τίποτα πια?
Τίποτα means nothing / anything depending on context.
With δεν, it means anything / nothing in a negative sentence:
- δεν χρωστάω τίποτα = I don’t owe anything
πια adds the sense of any longer / anymore / no longer:
- δεν χρωστάω τίποτα πια = I don’t owe anything anymore
So πια shows that this was different before, but now it is no longer the case.
Why does Greek use δεν ... τίποτα together? In English, a double negative is usually wrong.
Greek works differently from English here. Greek commonly uses negative concord, which means multiple negative elements can appear together in one sentence.
So this is normal Greek:
- δεν χρωστάω τίποτα
literally something like I don’t owe nothing,
but actually meaning I don’t owe anything
This is standard grammar in Greek, not a mistake.
Why is it θέλω να δω and not something like θέλω βλέπω?
After θέλω (I want), Greek normally uses να + a verb.
- θέλω να δω = I want to see
Greek does not usually form this the way English does with a bare infinitive (to see), because Modern Greek no longer has an infinitive in the same way Ancient Greek did. Instead, it uses να plus a finite verb form.
So:
- θέλω να δω = I want to see
- not θέλω βλέπω
Why is it δω and not βλέπω?
Δω is the aorist subjunctive form of βλέπω after να. It is based on the aorist stem of βλέπω, which is είδα in the past and δω in the subjunctive.
Here the difference is about aspect:
- να δω = to see / take a look at once, as a complete action
- να βλέπω = to be seeing / to watch / to see repeatedly or continuously
In this sentence, the speaker wants to check the invoice and the balance, so the one-time, complete action fits best:
- θέλω να δω ξανά... = I want to look at / see again...
What does ξανά mean, and where does it usually go?
Ξανά means again.
Here:
- να δω ξανά το τιμολόγιο = to see the invoice again
It often goes before or after the verb depending on style and emphasis:
- θέλω να δω ξανά...
- θέλω ξανά να δω...
Both are possible, though the first one is very natural here.
What does το τιμολόγιο mean exactly? Is it the same as a receipt?
Το τιμολόγιο usually means the invoice.
It is not exactly the same as a receipt.
Common distinctions:
- τιμολόγιο = invoice
- απόδειξη = receipt
An invoice is a billing document; a receipt is proof of payment. In some real-life situations the exact English translation depends on the business context, but invoice is the standard meaning of τιμολόγιο.
What does το υπόλοιπο mean here?
Το υπόλοιπο literally means the remainder / the balance.
In a financial context, it usually means:
- the remaining amount
- the outstanding balance
- the account balance
So in this sentence, the speaker wants to check:
- the invoice
- and the balance / amount remaining
Why is it το τιμολόγιο και το υπόλοιπο with the article repeated both times?
Greek often repeats the article when listing nouns, especially when they are separate specific items.
- το τιμολόγιο και το υπόλοιπο
This sounds very natural and clear in Greek. English can do something similar:
- the invoice and the balance
Repeating the article helps mark both items as distinct things being referred to.
What does για να mean here?
Για να means in order to / so that.
It introduces a purpose:
- για να είμαι σίγουρος = so that I can be sure / in order to be sure
This is a very common Greek structure:
- για να
- verb
Why is the verb είμαι used after για να? Shouldn’t it be some special form?
After για να, Greek uses the same kind of να-clause structure you see elsewhere.
So:
- για να είμαι = so that I am / so that I can be
This is normal Modern Greek grammar. You do not need an infinitive; Greek uses να with a verb form instead.
Why is it σίγουρος and not σίγουρο or σίγουρη?
Σίγουρος agrees with the speaker.
Here it means:
- I want ... so that I am sure
If the speaker is male, Greek uses:
- σίγουρος
If the speaker is female, it would be:
- σίγουρη
If you were speaking more impersonally about a thing being certain, you might see:
- σίγουρο (neuter)
So this adjective changes for gender and agrees with the person speaking.
Does για να είμαι σίγουρος mean exactly to be sure, or more like to make sure?
In this sentence, it is very natural to understand it as:
- to be sure
- to make sure
The full idea is:
- I want to look at the invoice and the balance again, just to make sure.
Greek often uses για να είμαι σίγουρος in exactly that practical sense.
Is the word order important in this sentence, or could parts move around?
Greek word order is more flexible than English word order, but the sentence as given is very natural.
Current order:
- Αν και ο λογιστής είπε ότι δεν του χρωστάω τίποτα πια, θέλω να δω ξανά το τιμολόγιο και το υπόλοιπο, για να είμαι σίγουρος.
This order is good because it goes:
- contrast/background
- main action
- purpose
Some parts could move for emphasis, but not all changes would sound equally natural. Greek allows flexibility, but that does not mean word order is random.
Could του refer to someone other than ο λογιστής?
In theory, yes, because του just means to him / his depending on context.
But in this sentence, the most natural interpretation is that του refers to the accountant, since he is the male person already mentioned.
So the intended meaning is:
- the accountant said that I don’t owe him anything anymore
Context always decides reference, but here the reference is straightforward.
What is the overall structure of the whole sentence?
It has three main parts:
Αν και ο λογιστής είπε ότι δεν του χρωστάω τίποτα πια
= Although the accountant said that I don’t owe him anything anymoreθέλω να δω ξανά το τιμολόγιο και το υπόλοιπο
= I want to look again at the invoice and the balanceγια να είμαι σίγουρος
= so that I can be sure / just to make sure
So the logic is:
- despite what the accountant said,
- I still want to check the documents,
- in order to be certain.
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