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Questions & Answers about Έπρεπε να φύγω νωρίς, γιατί είχα μάθημα.
Why is the particle να used after έπρεπε?
Modern Greek has no infinitive. After verbs/expressions of necessity, desire, possibility, etc., Greek uses να plus the subjunctive to introduce the action. So έπρεπε να φύγω literally feels like “it was necessary that I leave.”
Common triggers: πρέπει να, έπρεπε να, θέλω να, μπορώ να, είναι καλό να.
Why is it να φύγω and not να φεύγω?
Aspect. Greek chooses between:
- Perfective (aorist) subjunctive: να φύγω = one complete event (to leave at some point).
- Imperfective subjunctive: να φεύγω = ongoing/habitual/progressive leaving.
Here, the speaker had to perform the single act of leaving, so perfective να φύγω is natural.
Can I say Έπρεπε να φεύγω? What would that mean?
Yes, but it changes the meaning. Έπρεπε να φεύγω suggests either:
- a habitual/regular obligation in the past: “I was supposed to be leaving (regularly),” e.g., Έπρεπε να φεύγω στις 5 κάθε μέρα; or
- a progressive expectation around a time point: “I was supposed to be in the process of leaving (then).”
It does not mean the single completed act “I had to leave (then).”
What exactly is έπρεπε grammatically?
It’s the past (imperfect) of the impersonal modal πρέπει. It doesn’t agree with a subject; it’s used with να-clauses to express necessity: Έπρεπε να… = “I/you/he… had to…”. Person is shown by the verb inside the να-clause (here, φύγω = “I leave”).
What tense is είχα?
Είχα is the imperfect (past) of έχω. Greek uses the imperfect for past states (possession, conditions), so είχα μάθημα naturally means “I had class.” It also serves as the auxiliary for the pluperfect: είχα φύγει = “I had left.”
Why is there no article before μάθημα?
Greek often omits the article with singular count nouns when speaking about activities/roles in a generic sense: έχω μάθημα, έχω δουλειά, έχω ραντεβού. Adding the article (το μάθημα) points to a specific, known lesson, usually with a modifier: το μάθημα της Φυσικής.
Can I say είχα ένα μάθημα?
Yes. Είχα ένα μάθημα stresses “one (particular) class,” often when counting/scheduling or introducing it as new information: “I had one class (at 3).” For the general idea of “I had class,” plain είχα μάθημα is more idiomatic.
Can I replace γιατί with επειδή?
Usually, yes. Επειδή only means “because” and is slightly more formal/neutral. Γιατί is very common in speech and can mean either “because” or “why” (context tells which). Your sentence works fine with either.
Why is there a comma before γιατί?
In Greek, we typically place a comma before causal clauses introduced by γιατί/επειδή when they follow the main clause: …, γιατί …. If the causal clause comes first, we put the comma after it: Επειδή/Γιατί είχα μάθημα, ….
Does γιατί also mean “why”? How do I tell the difference?
Yes. Γιατί = “because” or “why.” You tell by context, word order, and intonation/punctuation:
- Statement: … γιατί είχα μάθημα. (because)
- Question: Γιατί έφυγες νωρίς; (why did you leave early?)
What exactly is the form φύγω?
It’s 1st person singular aorist (perfective) subjunctive of φεύγω (to leave).
Key forms:
- Present: φεύγω (I leave/am leaving)
- Aorist indicative: έφυγα (I left)
- Subjunctive: να φύγω (that I leave)
- Perfect: έχω φύγει (I have left)
How do I pronounce the sentence?
Approximate IPA: [ˈeprepe na ˈfiɣo noˈris, ʝaˈti ˈixa ˈmaθima]
Notes:
- γ before back vowels (as in φύγω) = [ɣ] (a voiced velar fricative).
- γ before ι/ε (as in γιατί) = [ʝ] (a palatal sound).
- θ in μάθημα = [θ] (as in English think).
- η/ι/ει/οι are pronounced [i].
What is νωρίς grammatically, and can it move?
Νωρίς is an adverb (“early”), invariable (no gender/number). It typically follows the verb it modifies: να φύγω νωρίς, but it can appear earlier for emphasis: Νωρίς έπρεπε να φύγω (more marked).
How would I say “I should have left early (but didn’t)”?
Use the conditional modal: Θα έπρεπε να είχα φύγει νωρίς. This clearly expresses unrealized past obligation/regret. Contrast:
- Έπρεπε να φύγω νωρίς. = I had to leave early (neutral past fact).
- Δεν έπρεπε να φύγω νωρίς. = I shouldn’t have left early.
