Breakdown of Die Menschen, denen ich im Sprachkurs helfe, geben mir oft mehr Motivation zurück, als ich erwarte.
Questions & Answers about Die Menschen, denen ich im Sprachkurs helfe, geben mir oft mehr Motivation zurück, als ich erwarte.
Denen is a relative pronoun in the dative plural.
- It refers back to die Menschen (people) → plural.
- The verb helfen always takes the dative for the person you help.
So in the relative clause … denen ich im Sprachkurs helfe …:
- ich = subject (nominative)
- helfe = verb
- denen = indirect object (dative plural, because of helfen)
If helfen took the accusative (it does not), you would expect die, but because it takes dative, you must say denen.
Very schematically:
- Main clause: Ich helfe den Menschen.
- Relative version: Die Menschen, denen ich helfe, …
Denen ich im Sprachkurs helfe is a relative clause, a type of subordinate clause.
In German subordinate clauses:
- The finite verb (the conjugated verb) goes to the final position.
- The clause is introduced by a relative pronoun (here: denen).
Word order pattern:
- Main clause: Ich helfe den Menschen im Sprachkurs.
→ Verb in second position: ich HELFE den Menschen … - Relative/subordinate clause: … denen ich im Sprachkurs helfe …
→ Verb at the end: … ich im Sprachkurs HELFE
So the structure denen ich im Sprachkurs helfe is totally regular: subject (ich) → other elements (im Sprachkurs) → verb at the end (helfe).
In German, the verb helfen is one of a group of verbs that require the dative case for their object.
- Ich helfe dem Mann. (dative singular)
- Ich helfe der Frau. (dative singular)
- Ich helfe den Menschen. (dative plural)
There is no deep logical reason you can derive as a learner; it is a fixed valency of the verb: helfen = to give help to someone → that someone is in the dative.
Some other common dative verbs are:
- danken – Ich danke dir.
- folgen – Er folgt dem Auto.
- glauben (person) – Ich glaube dir.
Because helfen takes the dative, the relative pronoun must also be in the dative: denen ich helfe.
Im is a contraction of in dem:
- in
- dem → im
You use in dem Sprachkurs (dative) because you are talking about being inside or within the course, not movement into it.
- Ich bin im Sprachkurs. (location → dative)
- Ich helfe den Menschen im Sprachkurs. (I help the people in the course.)
You would use in den Sprachkurs (accusative) only for movement into the course:
- Ich gehe in den Sprachkurs. (I go to the language course.)
So in the sentence, im Sprachkurs is a dative phrase meaning in the language course, and im is simply in dem merged into one word.
The main clause is:
Die Menschen … geben mir oft mehr Motivation zurück …
The typical order rules that matter here are:
The conjugated verb in a main clause goes in second position.
→ Die Menschen (1st element) geben (2nd position).Pronouns tend to come early, before full noun phrases.
→ mir comes right after the verb.Adverbs like oft usually come after pronouns but before most objects.
→ geben mir oft …Separable prefix (zurück) goes to the very end of the clause.
So we get:
- Subject: Die Menschen
- Verb (2nd): geben
- Pronoun (dative): mir
- Adverb: oft
- Object (accusative): mehr Motivation
- Separable prefix: zurück
Result: Die Menschen … geben mir oft mehr Motivation zurück …
Alternative orders like geben oft mir sound unnatural or wrong because they break these tendencies.
Yes, zurückgeben is one verb composed of:
- geben (to give)
- zurück (back)
Together they mean to give back, to return (something).
Because zurückgeben is a separable-prefix verb, in a main clause:
- The conjugated part (geben) goes to second position.
- The prefix (zurück) goes to the end of the clause.
So:
- Infinitive: zurückgeben
- Main clause: Sie geben mir Motivation zurück.
- Subordinate clause: …, weil sie mir Motivation zurückgeben.
In your sentence, geben … zurück is exactly this split form of zurückgeben, used slightly metaphorically with Motivation (they give motivation back to me).
The part als ich erwarte is a subordinate clause used in a comparison:
- mehr Motivation …, als ich erwarte
- literally: more motivation back than I expect
In German, subordinate clauses are separated by a comma, and the verb goes to the end:
- …, als ich erwarte.
Structure of the subordinate clause:
- als = subordinating conjunction (comparison: more … than …)
- ich = subject (nominative)
- erwarte = verb (at the end)
There is no extra pronoun needed (no es) in that clause. You do not say als ich es erwarte here; that would feel unnecessary or odd in this structure.
German distinguishes between two main comparison patterns:
Equality (as … as …) → use wie
- Er ist so groß wie ich. (He is as tall as I am.)
Inequality (more/less … than …) → use als
- Er ist größer als ich. (He is taller than I am.)
- Ich habe weniger Zeit als früher.
In your sentence, you have mehr Motivation (more motivation), which is an unequal comparison, so you must use als:
- mehr Motivation zurück, als ich erwarte
= more motivation back than I expect.
Using wie here (mehr … wie …) is a very common mistake among learners and also in colloquial speech in some dialects, but standard German uses als after mehr or weniger.
Motivation is an abstract, uncountable noun in this context, used in a general sense, similar to English:
- more motivation (not more the motivation)
In German, abstract or mass nouns often appear without an article when speaking in general or in a non-specific way:
- Ich habe Geduld. (I have patience.)
- Wir brauchen Mut. (We need courage.)
- Sie gibt mir Hoffnung. (She gives me hope.)
Adding an article would usually make it more specific or change the meaning:
- mehr die Motivation → sounds wrong in this context.
- mehr eine Motivation → would sound like more of one particular type of motivation and is not idiomatic here.
So mehr Motivation is the natural, general expression for more motivation.
No. That would be wrong or at least very unnatural.
The separable prefix zurück belongs to the main clause verb geben. It must stay inside the clause frame of that main clause:
- Correct: … geben mir oft mehr Motivation zurück, als ich erwarte.
Here:
- Main clause: Die Menschen … geben mir oft mehr Motivation zurück
- Subordinate clause: als ich erwarte
If you move zurück after the second comma:
- … mehr Motivation, als ich erwarte, zurück
it visually and syntactically disconnects zurück from geben and makes it look like it belongs to the subordinate clause, which it does not. This breaks the normal structure of separable-prefix verbs in German.
So keep zurück at the end of the main clause, just before the comparison clause starts.