Mein Bruder tut so, als ob er keine Zeit hätte.

My brother acts as if he had no time.

Breakdown of Mein Bruder tut so, als ob er keine Zeit hätte.

• haben: to have
• er: he
• die Zeit: the time
• mein: my
• der Bruder: the brother
• keine: no
• so tun, als ob: to act as if

Questions & Answers about Mein Bruder tut so, als ob er keine Zeit hätte.

What does tut so mean here, and why is tun used at all?

The verb tun literally means to do, but in the pattern so tun, als ob … it forms an idiomatic expression:

• so tun, als ob … ≈ to act as if / to pretend that …

So:

• Mein Bruder tut so, als ob …
  ≈ My brother acts as if / My brother pretends that …

You cannot simply drop tut so and start with als ob; als ob just introduces the comparison clause, while tut so provides the main verb and the idea of pretending or acting in that way.

Grammatically, tun is the conjugated verb in the main clause (present tense: tut), and so is an adverb modifying it: to do like this / to behave like this.

Why is it als ob er keine Zeit hätte and not als ob er keine Zeit hat?

Both forms exist, but they have slightly different nuances:

• als ob er keine Zeit hätte – uses Konjunktiv II (hätte)
• als ob er keine Zeit hat – uses the normal present indicative (hat)

hätte (subjunctive) suggests that the situation is not real or is doubted:

• Mein Bruder tut so, als ob er keine Zeit hätte.
  → He behaves as if he didn’t have time, but the speaker implies: actually, he does have time; he’s just pretending.

hat (indicative) sounds more neutral and matter‑of‑fact, or leaves it open whether he really has time or not:

• Mein Bruder tut so, als ob er keine Zeit hat.
  → In everyday spoken German this is very common and often understood the same way, but strictly speaking it is less clearly marked as “contrary to fact.”

Traditional grammar recommends Konjunktiv II (hätte) after als ob to show that the comparison is unreal or exaggerated. In modern spoken German, many people use the indicative instead, especially in casual conversation.

What exactly is hätte? Is it a tense? A mood? Why not hatte?

hätte is Konjunktiv II (subjunctive II) of haben.

• er hat – present, indicative (he has)
• er hatte – simple past, indicative (he had)
• er hätte – Konjunktiv II, usually translated with would have / had in English‑like constructions or used to express unreality, wishes, or hypotheticals.

In this sentence:

• er keine Zeit hätte → as if he didn’t have any time / as if he had no time (but in fact he does).

If you said als ob er keine Zeit hatte, that would be past indicative (as if he had no time—in the past), which doesn’t fit well with the idea of a current ongoing behavior in the main clause (Mein Bruder tut so …).

Is Konjunktiv II always required after als ob, or can I use the normal present?

From a prescriptive / textbook point of view:

• If the comparison is not real or doubted, you should use Konjunktiv II:
  
  • Er tut so, als ob er keine Zeit hätte.
  • Sie redet, als ob sie alles wüsste.

However, in everyday spoken German, many native speakers use the indicative:

• Er tut so, als ob er keine Zeit hat.
• Sie redet, als ob sie alles weiß.

So:

• For exams, formal writing, or very correct German: prefer Konjunktiv II.
• In casual conversation: both are common; Konjunktiv II sounds a bit more “correct” and clearly marks the situation as unreal or exaggerated.

Why is the verb at the end in als ob er keine Zeit hätte?

als ob introduces a subordinate clause in German. In subordinate clauses, the finite verb (the conjugated verb) goes to the end of the clause.

Structure:

• als ob (subordinating conjunction)
• er (subject)
• keine Zeit (object / complement)
• hätte (finite verb in Konjunktiv II)

So: als ob er keine Zeit hätte.

Compare:

• Main clause word order: Er hat keine Zeit.
• Subordinate: …, dass er keine Zeit hat.
• Subordinate with als ob: …, als ob er keine Zeit hätte.

Putting hätte earlier (e.g. als ob hätte er keine Zeit) would sound like a question or be ungrammatical in this context.

Can I leave out ob and say Mein Bruder tut so, als hätte er keine Zeit?

Yes, that is also grammatical and idiomatic:

• Mein Bruder tut so, als hätte er keine Zeit.

Here als alone introduces a clause with Konjunktiv II. The meaning is essentially the same as with als ob:

• Mein Bruder tut so, als ob er keine Zeit hätte.
• Mein Bruder tut so, als hätte er keine Zeit.

Both are understood as My brother acts as if he didn’t have any time.

Style notes:

• als ob is somewhat more common and neutral.
• als + Konjunktiv II without ob can feel a bit more compact or slightly more formal/written in some contexts, but is very normal.

What is the difference between als ob, als wenn, and wie wenn?

All three can introduce clauses that mean roughly as if / as though:

• als ob er keine Zeit hätte
• als wenn er keine Zeit hätte
• wie wenn er keine Zeit hätte

Differences:

1. als ob

   • Standard, neutral, and the safest choice in writing and in careful speech.
   • Often combined with Konjunktiv II for unreal comparisons:
     Er tut so, als ob er keine Zeit hätte.

2. als wenn

   • Also correct and understood, but somewhat less common in many regions.
   • Stylistically a bit old‑fashioned or dialect‑colored in some areas, but still used.

3. wie wenn

   • Much more colloquial and often considered less standard.
   • Heard in regional varieties, e.g. Er redet, wie wenn er der Chef wäre.

For learners, it is best to stick to als ob.

Why is it keine Zeit and not something like eine Zeit or with a different article?

Zeit (time) is usually treated as an uncountable noun when it means time in general / available time. In this use, German normally does not use an article:

• Ich habe Zeit. – I have time.
• Ich habe keine Zeit. – I have no time / I don’t have time.

So in this sentence:

• er keine Zeit hätte → he had no time / he didn’t have any time.

You would only use eine Zeit, die Zeit, etc. when you mean:

• a specific period: eine schöne Zeit (a nice time), die ganze Zeit (the whole time), etc.

But for “having time / not having time”, the standard expressions are:

• Zeit haben – to have time
• keine Zeit haben – to have no time / to be busy

Why are Mein, Bruder, and Zeit capitalized?

German capitalizes:

1. All nouns

   • Bruder (brother) is a noun → capitalized.
   • Zeit (time) is a noun → capitalized.

2. The first word of the sentence

   • Mein is capitalized because it is the first word in the sentence.
   • If the same word appears mid‑sentence, it would be lowercase as a pronoun or determiner:
     
     • Das ist mein Bruder. (here mein is not at the start, so it’s lowercase)

So:

• Mein Bruder tut so, als ob er keine Zeit hätte.
  – Mein (first word) → capitalized
  – Bruder, Zeit (nouns) → capitalized
  – tut, als, ob, er, keine, hätte → lowercase (verbs, conjunctions, pronouns, determiner).

Is there any difference between Mein Bruder tut so, als ob er keine Zeit hätte and just Mein Bruder hat keine Zeit?

Yes, a big difference in meaning:

• Mein Bruder hat keine Zeit.
  → Neutral statement of fact: My brother doesn’t have time. The speaker treats it as true.

• Mein Bruder tut so, als ob er keine Zeit hätte.
  → The brother is pretending / acting like he has no time. The sentence strongly implies that the speaker does not fully believe it or thinks it’s exaggerated.

So tut so, als ob … always carries a nuance of pretense, exaggeration, or at least suspicion about how real the supposed situation is.

Are there alternatives to so tun, als ob with a similar meaning?

Yes, German has several expressions that can express pretending / putting on an act. Some common alternatives:

1. sich stellen, als ob …

   • Er stellt sich, als ob er keine Zeit hätte.
   • Slightly more formal or stylistic; literally he poses/acts as if…

2. so tun, als ob … (your sentence)

   • Very common and neutral.

3. More colloquial equivalents (rougher or slangy):

   • Er tut so, als wäre er der Wichtigste. – He acts as if he were the most important.
   • Er macht einen auf keine Zeit. (very colloquial, not recommended for learners as a general model)

For clear, standard German, so tun, als ob … is the safest and most useful pattern to learn.

If I wanted to put this in the past, how would I change the sentence?

You keep Konjunktiv II in the als ob‑clause, but change the tense in the main clause:

Present (original):

• Mein Bruder tut so, als ob er keine Zeit hätte.
  → My brother acts as if he didn’t have any time. (now / generally)

Simple past main clause:

• Mein Bruder tat so, als ob er keine Zeit hätte.
  → My brother acted as if he didn’t have any time. (then / at that time)

If you wanted to refer to an unreal past situation in the als ob‑clause, you could use a past perfect + Konjunktiv II:

• Mein Bruder tat so, als ob er keine Zeit gehabt hätte.
  → My brother acted as if he hadn’t had any time.

But in many contexts, even when talking about the past, speakers still use hätte (present Konjunktiv II) because the focus is on the unreality, not on precise time.