Je lis le procès-verbal.

Questions & Answers about Je lis le procès-verbal.

Why is it je and not j'?

Je only contracts to j' before a vowel sound or a silent h.

  • j'aime
  • j'habite

Here, the next word is lis, which begins with the consonant sound l, so you keep je:

je lis

What tense is lis in this sentence?

Lis is in the present indicative.

So Je lis le procès-verbal is a present-tense sentence. Depending on context, the French present can match several English ideas:

  • I read the report/minutes
  • I am reading the report/minutes
  • I do read the report/minutes

French uses the present more broadly than English sometimes does.

How do you pronounce je lis?

A simple approximation is:

  • jezhuh
  • lislee

So je lis sounds roughly like zhuh lee.

A few useful notes:

  • the j in je sounds like the s in measure
  • the s in lis is silent
  • in normal speech, je can sound very light
Why is the s in lis not pronounced?

Because in French, many verb endings are written but not pronounced.

In the present tense of lire:

  • je lis
  • tu lis
  • il/elle lit

All three are pronounced the same way: lee.

The spelling still matters because it shows the grammar and helps connect the forms of the verb.

What is the infinitive of lis, and how is this verb conjugated?

The infinitive is lire, meaning to read.

Its present-tense conjugation is:

  • je lis
  • tu lis
  • il/elle/on lit
  • nous lisons
  • vous lisez
  • ils/elles lisent

This is an irregular verb, so it does not follow the pattern of a regular -er verb like parler.

Why is there le before procès-verbal?

Le is the masculine singular definite article, meaning the.

It is used here because procès-verbal is a masculine singular noun. So:

  • le procès-verbal = the report / the minutes / the official record

French uses articles more consistently than English, so where English might sometimes drop the, French often keeps it.

What gender is procès-verbal?

Procès-verbal is masculine.

So you say:

  • le procès-verbal
  • un procès-verbal

And if you want to describe it with an adjective, that adjective must agree in the masculine form:

  • le procès-verbal officiel
Why is procès-verbal hyphenated?

Because it is a fixed compound noun in French.

French often uses hyphens in compound words, and procès-verbal is the standard spelling. You should learn it as one unit of vocabulary rather than trying to interpret each part separately every time.

What is the plural of procès-verbal?

The plural is procès-verbaux.

So:

  • le procès-verbal
  • les procès-verbaux

This plural can look surprising because verbal changes to verbaux. That is a common plural pattern for some words ending in -al.

How do you pronounce procès-verbal?

A rough English-friendly approximation is:

pro-SEH ver-BAL

But keep in mind:

  • French does not stress words as strongly as English
  • the r is a French r, not a strong English r
  • the è in procès has an open eh sound

A more careful breakdown is:

  • pro
  • cèsseh
  • ver
  • bal
Is there any liaison in Je lis le procès-verbal?

No. You do not pronounce a liaison between lis and le.

So it is pronounced as if separated:

je lis | le procès-verbal

not something like je li-z-le.

That is useful to know, because English speakers often expect written final consonants to be pronounced, but in French they often are not.

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How does grammatical gender work in French?
Every French noun is either masculine or feminine, and this affects the articles and adjectives used with it. "Le" is used with masculine nouns and "la" with feminine ones. Adjectives also change form to match — for example, "petit" (masc.) becomes "petite" (fem.).

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