Sans veste, j’ai des frissons dès que je sors le soir.

In French, sans often takes a noun without an article when you mean something in a general sense.

• sans veste = without a jacket
• sans chaussures = without shoes
• sans argent = without money

Here, sans veste means the speaker is not wearing any jacket in general. It is not about one specific jacket.

If you want to refer to a specific one, you can use an article or possessive:

• sans ma veste = without my jacket
• sans une veste adaptée = without a suitable jacket

Usually, sans veste sounds more natural here.

• sans veste = without a jacket / not wearing a jacket
• sans une veste can sound more specific or stylistically marked

A native speaker would normally choose sans veste for a general statement like this one.

French often uses avoir + noun where English uses to be or a verb phrase.

So:

• j’ai des frissons = I have chills / I get shivers

This is the normal, idiomatic way to say it.
French prefers the expression with avoir here, just as it does in:

• j’ai faim = I am hungry
• j’ai peur = I am afraid
• j’ai chaud = I am hot

Des frissons means shivers, chills, or a shivery feeling.

Depending on context, it can be:

• from cold
• from fear
• from emotion

In this sentence, because of sans veste and le soir, it clearly means shivers from being cold.

Also note:

• un frisson = one shiver
• des frissons = shivers / chills

The plural is very common because people often talk about repeated or general shivers.

French usually needs an article before a countable noun, even when English does not.

So:

• j’ai des frissons = I have shivers / I get chills

Using des here is normal because frissons is a plural countable noun.
You generally cannot just say j’ai frissons.

Dès que means as soon as or whenever, depending on context.

In this sentence, it expresses a repeated situation:

• dès que je sors le soir = whenever / as soon as I go out in the evening

It suggests an immediate effect: the moment the speaker goes outside in the evening, they start getting chills.

Both can sometimes be translated as when, but dès que is more precise.

• quand = when
• dès que = as soon as / the moment that

So dès que emphasizes immediacy.

Compare:

• Quand je sors le soir, j’ai froid. = When I go out in the evening, I’m cold.
• Dès que je sors le soir, j’ai des frissons. = As soon as I go out in the evening, I get shivers.

French often uses the present tense for habitual or general actions, just like English can.

Here, je sors does not mean only I am going out right now. It means:

• whenever I go out
• when I go out
• every time I go out

So the sentence describes a regular experience, not one single event.

Le soir is the normal French time expression for in the evening / at night, especially for habitual actions.

Examples:

• je travaille le soir = I work in the evening
• il sort le soir = he goes out in the evening

French often uses le with parts of the day in general statements:

• le matin = in the morning
• l’après-midi = in the afternoon
• le soir = in the evening

So je sors le soir means I go out in the evening.

The comma separates the introductory phrase Sans veste from the main clause.

It helps readability and reflects a pause:

• Sans veste, j’ai des frissons...

In English, this is similar to:

• Without a jacket, I get chills...

The comma is very natural here, though punctuation can sometimes vary slightly depending on style.

Yes, in a way. French often uses short noun phrases where English might use a fuller expression.

• sans veste literally means without jacket
• naturally understood as without wearing a jacket

You could expand it if needed:

• sans porter de veste
• quand je n’ai pas de veste
• quand je sors sans veste

But the short version is very natural and common.

Yes. That is also correct and natural.

The difference is mostly one of emphasis and style:

• Sans veste, j’ai des frissons dès que je sors le soir.
  Emphasizes the condition without a jacket first.

• Quand je sors le soir sans veste, j’ai des frissons.
  Presents the whole situation more straightforwardly.

The original version sounds a bit more focused on the lack of a jacket as the cause.

A few useful pronunciation points:

• j’ai sounds like zhay
• des frissons: the s in frissons sounds like s, and the final -ons is nasal
• dès que: the s in dès is pronounced because of the accent and spelling; it sounds roughly like deh kuh
• je sors: sors sounds roughly like sor
• le soir: soir sounds roughly like swar

A broad approximation:

• Sahn vest, zhay day free-son day kuh zhuh sor luh swar

Not perfect, but helpful as a starting point.

Because the sentence is describing a general pattern, not a single future event.

• dès que je sors le soir = whenever / as soon as I go out in the evening

If you were talking about one future event, French would usually use:

• Dès que je sortirai ce soir, j’aurai des frissons.
  = As soon as I go out tonight, I’ll get chills.

So the present tense in the original sentence shows a repeated, habitual situation.

Often yes, but not always perfectly.

Veste can mean:

• jacket
• blazer
• suit jacket
• light coat, depending on context

In this sentence, the general idea is simply an outer layer of clothing that keeps you warm. So jacket is a very natural translation.

If you wanted to be more specifically warm winter clothing, French might also use:

• manteau = coat
• blouson = casual jacket
• anorak = parka / anorak

Here, veste is broad and everyday.