Learn Hardcore French: Ce médicament aide, mais ma tête me fait encore un peu mal. - This medicine helps, but my head still hurts a little.

Yes. In everyday French, Ce médicament aide is a natural, elliptical way to say “this medicine helps (in general).” If you want to be explicit about who is helped, say Ce médicament m’aide. Other natural options:

Ça aide.
Ce médicament m’aide beaucoup / un peu.
Ce médicament aide à soulager la douleur.

Is Ma tête me fait mal as idiomatic as J’ai mal à la tête?

Both are correct, but J’ai mal à la tête is the default, most idiomatic way to say “I have a headache.” Ma tête me fait mal is also natural, just a bit more literal (the head is the subject “hurting me”) and is heard in normal speech. For a neutral complaint, learners are usually taught J’ai mal à la tête. In your sentence, you could very idiomatically say: Ce médicament m’aide, mais j’ai encore un peu mal à la tête.

What is the function of me in ma tête me fait mal? Is it reflexive?

It’s not reflexive. Me is an indirect object pronoun meaning “to me,” required by the pattern faire mal à quelqu’un (“to cause pain to someone”). The structure is:

Subject (the body part): ma tête
Verb: fait
Indirect object: me (= à moi)
Complement: mal Literally: “My head causes pain to me.”

Why use ma tête and not la tête?

French typically uses the definite article with body parts when the possessor is shown elsewhere (e.g., J’ai mal à la tête, Je me lave les mains). But when the body part itself is the subject with faire mal, a possessive is natural to avoid ambiguity: Ma tête me fait mal. Saying La tête me fait mal sounds odd because it doesn’t clearly indicate whose head.

Where should encore and un peu go? Why me fait encore un peu mal?

French prefers short adverbs before the word they modify. Here, the adverb group encore un peu modifies mal, so the most natural slot is between the verb and mal:

… me fait encore un peu mal. Alternatives like … me fait un peu encore mal are possible but clunky and rarely used. Keep encore and un peu together before mal.

Does encore mean “still” or “again” here? Could I use toujours?

Here encore means “still.” It can also mean “again,” but context disambiguates. Toujours can mean “still” too (e.g., Il pleut toujours = “It’s still raining”), but it’s sometimes ambiguous with “always.” To avoid any hint of “always,” encore is the safer choice in this sentence.

Is there a difference between encore un peu and un peu encore?

Yes, a nuance:

encore un peu = “still a little” (what you want here).
un peu encore often suggests “a little more/a bit longer,” and is used after the element it modifies for emphasis. In your sentence, encore un peu is the natural choice.

Does mal change form or agree in faire mal?

No. In faire mal, mal is invariable. You do not make it plural or feminine. Don’t write mals or maux here. Compare:

Pain/ache idiom: Ça me fait mal. (invariable)
Plural noun “evils/pains”: les maux de tête (“headaches”) — different construction.

Can I say Ça me fait mal à la tête instead of Ma tête me fait mal?

They’re close but not identical:

Ma tête me fait mal = I have a headache (the head is the source of pain).
Ça me fait mal à la tête = That/it causes pain in my head (some external cause, like noise or a blow). For a simple “I have a headache,” prefer J’ai mal à la tête or Ma tête me fait mal.

Is the comma before mais necessary?

It’s standard in French to place a comma before coordinating conjunctions like mais. In short sentences, you’ll still typically keep it: …, mais …. So the comma in your sentence is correct.

Are there more idiomatic verbs than aider for medicine?

Yes, depending on nuance:

Ce médicament marche (bien). (colloquial “works”)
Ce médicament fait effet. (“is taking effect”)
Ce médicament agit vite. (“acts quickly”)
Ce médicament me soulage. (“relieves me”) Avoid fonctionner with medicine; it’s more for machines. Marcher is common in speech; faire effet / agir / soulager are good in neutral register.

How would I say this in the past?

Recent past, still hurting now: Ce médicament m’a aidé(e), mais ma tête me fait encore un peu mal.
Past situation, both in the past: Ce médicament m’aidait, mais ma tête me faisait encore un peu mal. Note pronoun placement: m’a aidé(e); in the negative: ne m’a pas aidé(e).

How do I say it with other body parts or in the plural?

Use the same patterns:

Mes yeux me font mal. / J’ai mal aux yeux.
Mon dos me fait mal. / J’ai mal au dos.
Mes pieds me font mal. / J’ai mal aux pieds. Singular subject takes fait; plural takes font: ma main me fait mal vs mes mains me font mal.

Why ce médicament and ma tête (not cet / mon)?

Médicament is masculine and starts with a consonant sound, so ce médicament (not cet).
Tête is feminine, so ma tête (not mon). You only switch to mon before a feminine noun that starts with a vowel sound (e.g., mon amie), which is not the case with tête.