Le dixième train arrive.

Le means the, so it points to a specific train: the tenth train.

With ordinal numbers in French, you very often use the definite article:

• le premier train = the first train
• le dixième train = the tenth train

Using un would sound unusual here, because tenth normally identifies one specific item in an ordered series.

Dixième means tenth.

It is the ordinal form of dix (ten). French often forms ordinals with -ième:

• quatre → quatrième = fourth
• six → sixième = sixth
• dix → dixième = tenth

So dixième is an adjective telling you the train’s position in a sequence.

In French, ordinal numbers usually go before the noun:

• le premier jour = the first day
• la deuxième fois = the second time
• le dixième train = the tenth train

This is different from many other adjectives in French, which often come after the noun. Ordinals are one of the common types that come before it.

Yes. Dixième is an adjective, so it agrees with the noun.

Here, train is masculine singular, so we use dixième with masculine singular meaning.

A useful detail: with dixième, the feminine singular looks the same in writing:

• le dixième train = masculine singular
• la dixième voiture = feminine singular

In the plural, you add -s:

• les dixièmes chapitres

So agreement exists, but in this sentence you do not see a special feminine ending.

You can tell from the article le. In French:

• le = masculine singular the
• la = feminine singular the
• les = plural the

So le train tells you that train is a masculine noun.

Because the subject is singular: le dixième train.

The verb arriver must agree with its subject. In the present tense:

• j’arrive = I arrive / I am arriving
• tu arrives
• il/elle arrive
• nous arrivons
• vous arrivez
• ils/elles arrivent

Since train is singular, French uses arrive.

Arrive is the present tense of arriver.

In French, the present tense can match several English ideas depending on context:

• arrives
• is arriving
• sometimes even does arrive

So Le dixième train arrive could be understood as:

• The tenth train arrives
• The tenth train is arriving

French uses the simple present more broadly than English does.

A careful pronunciation is roughly:

le dixième train arrive
IPA: /lə di.zjɛm tʁɛ̃ a.ʁiv/

A rough English-friendly guide could be:

luh dee-ZYEM trahn ah-REEV

A few pronunciation points:

• le is a light luh
• dixième has two syllables: dee-zyem
• train has a nasal vowel, so it does not sound like English train
• the French r in train and arrive is pronounced in the throat

Sometimes, depending on context, English might translate it that way, but the basic meaning of arriver is to arrive.

So the most direct meaning is arrives / is arriving.

French arriver is not exactly the same as English come, even though in some real-life situations the idea may overlap.

No, that would not be the normal French order.

The natural order is:

article + ordinal + noun + verb

So:

• Le dixième train arrive.

Not:

• Le train dixième arrive.

French places ordinal numbers before the noun they describe.