مادرم هم مشغول خواندن یک کتاب است و نمیخواهد با او صحبت کنم.

In Persian, possessive endings can attach directly to a noun.

• مادر = mother
• -م = my

So مادرم literally means my mother.

A fuller alternative is مادرِ من, which also means my mother, but مادرم is the more natural everyday form here.

هم usually means also, too, or sometimes even, depending on context.

Here, مادرم هم means my mother too or my mother also. It suggests that someone else was already mentioned earlier, and now the speaker is adding the mother to that list.

In Persian, هم usually comes after the word or phrase it focuses on.

So:

• مادرم هم = my mother too

This is different from English, where also often comes before the verb or elsewhere in the sentence.

This is a very common Persian structure:

• مشغول = busy, occupied
• خواندن = reading / to read

Together, مشغول خواندن means busy reading or more literally occupied with reading.

So Persian often uses:

• مشغول + infinitive/verbal noun

Examples:

• مشغول کار کردن = busy working
• مشغول درس خواندن = busy studying

Because after مشغول, Persian normally uses the infinitive/verbal noun form, not a fully conjugated verb.

So:

• مشغول خواندن است = is busy reading

Not:

• مشغول می‌خواند

A more direct verbal way to say is reading would be something like:

• دارد کتاب می‌خواند

But مشغول خواندن است emphasizes being occupied with the action.

Yes. In careful pronunciation, there is an unwritten ezafe sound, roughly -e, after مشغول.

So it is pronounced more like:

• مشغولِ خواندن

Persian writing often does not show short vowels, so learners have to get used to sounds that are present in speech but invisible in the script.

It can mean either, depending on context.

• یک literally means one
• but it is also very commonly used like a/an

So یک کتاب here most naturally means a book.

Sometimes یک can add a slight sense of one certain / some / a, but often it is just the normal way to make a noun indefinite.

است is the formal written form of is.

In this sentence, it completes the predicate:

• مشغول خواندن یک کتاب است = is busy reading a book

In everyday speech, است is usually pronounced as ـه:

• مشغول خواندن یک کتابه

So the written sentence is more formal than casual spoken Persian.

This is the negative present form of خواستن = to want.

• می‌خواهد = he/she wants
• نمی‌خواهد = he/she does not want

In standard modern spelling, the preferred form is نمی‌خواهد with a half-space. But many texts, messages, and informal materials write نمیخواهد without it.

So both may be seen, but نمی‌خواهد is the standard orthography.

Because the subject is understood to be the same as in the first clause: مادرم.

So the structure is:

• مادرم ... است و نمی‌خواهد ...
• My mother ... is and does not want ...

Persian often omits repeated subjects when they are clear from context, just like English often does.

After verbs like خواستن = to want, Persian often uses a subordinate clause without که.

So:

• نمی‌خواهد با او صحبت کنم

means:

• she doesn’t want me to talk with him/her

You can also sometimes hear or read:

• نمی‌خواهد که با او صحبت کنم

But omitting که is very common and natural.

Because after می‌خواهد / نمی‌خواهد, Persian usually uses the subjunctive form for the following verb when expressing what someone wants or does not want.

So:

• صحبت کنم = that I speak / for me to speak
• صحبت می‌کنم = I speak / I am speaking

Here, the meaning is not a simple statement of fact. It is part of what the mother wants or does not want, so the subjunctive is used.

Also, the ending -م on کنم shows that the subject of this second verb is I.

This is a compound verb, which is very common in Persian.

• صحبت = conversation, speech
• کردن = to do

Together:

• صحبت کردن = to talk, to speak

When Persian conjugates a compound verb, usually only the light verb part changes. So:

• صحبت کنم = I talk / that I talk
• صحبت می‌کند = he/she talks
• صحبت کردیم = we talked

So the important conjugated part here is کنم.

Because Persian says to speak with someone using با.

• با = with
• او = him / her, depending on context

So:

• با او صحبت کنم = I talk with him/her

English often says talk to someone or talk with someone, but Persian normally uses با in this structure.

It can mean either. Persian third-person pronouns do not normally show gender.

So او can mean:

• he
• she
• him
• her

The exact meaning depends on context. After the preposition با, it functions like him/her, but the form stays the same.

In everyday spoken Persian, اون is often used instead of او.

By itself, the sentence is ambiguous.

• او could refer to another person already known from the context
• or it could refer back to the mother, depending on the larger conversation

Persian often relies on context for pronoun reference, just like English does. So without more context, you cannot be completely certain who او is.