Mi volas scii kiam vi alvenos, se la vetero restas malvarma.

I want to know when you will arrive, if the weather stays cold.

Breakdown of Mi volas scii kiam vi alvenos, se la vetero restas malvarma.

• mi: I
• vi: you
• voli: to want
• kiam: when
• alveni: to arrive
• vetero: the weather
• malvarma: cold
• scii: to know
• se: if
• resti: to stay

Questions & Answers about Mi volas scii kiam vi alvenos, se la vetero restas malvarma.

What does Mi volas scii mean and how is it constructed grammatically?

It means "I want to know". The sentence breaks down into mi (I), volas (want), and scii (to know). This construction uses the basic Esperanto pattern of subject + verb + infinitive to express a desire or intention.

Why is the verb alvenos in the future tense, and what does it indicate about the action?

Alvenos comes from the verb alveni (to arrive) and is conjugated in the future tense. It shows that the speaker is referring to an event that has not happened yet—"when you will arrive." This aligns with the general rule that future actions in Esperanto are marked by the -os ending.

What are the roles of kiam and se in this sentence?

Kiam and se function as conjunctions. Kiam introduces an indirect question related to time, meaning "when", while se introduces a conditional clause, meaning "if." Together, they help clarify that the inquiry about the arrival time depends on the weather remaining cold.

Why is there a comma before se la vetero restas malvarma, and what does it indicate?

The comma separates the main indirect question from the subsequent conditional clause. Much like in English, the comma in Esperanto is used to mark a pause or division between different parts of a sentence, ensuring that the condition (if the weather remains cold) is clearly distinguished from the primary inquiry.

How is the adjective malvarma formed and what does the prefix mal- do?

Malvarma means "cold". In Esperanto, adjectives are often modified by the prefix mal- to indicate the opposite. Here, starting with varma (meaning "warm" or "hot"), the addition of mal- changes its meaning to the opposite—"cold."

Is the word order in the subordinate clauses similar to English, and are there any notable differences in structure?

Yes, the word order is quite similar to English. In the indirect question (kiam vi alvenos), the subject (vi) follows immediately after the question word (kiam), and the verb is positioned as expected for future events. Likewise, the conditional clause (se la vetero restas malvarma) follows a clear subject-verb-adjective order. While Esperanto allows for flexibility in word order due to its clear endings, this sentence uses a straightforward syntactic structure that mirrors English closely.