Jeg tager min termokop med, når jeg pendler, og desuden læser jeg ofte avisen i metroen.

Because tage ... med is a verb + particle construction meaning take along or bring with you. In Danish main clauses, the finite verb often comes early, while the particle comes later:

Jeg tager min termokop med.

So tager and med belong together in meaning, even though they are split up in the sentence. Without med, tage just means take in a more general sense.

Here it can be understood as when in the sense of whenever, because the sentence describes a habit. The speaker is talking about something that happens regularly.

So når jeg pendler means something like:

• when I commute
• whenever I commute

For a single specific event in the past, Danish often uses da instead.

Because når introduces a subordinate clause, and subordinate clauses do not use normal Danish main-clause word order.

In a subordinate clause, the usual order is:

conjunction + subject + verb

So:

når jeg pendler

not:

når pendler jeg

This is an important contrast in Danish:

• Main clause: often verb second
• Subordinate clause: usually subject before verb

Because Danish main clauses follow the V2 rule: the finite verb usually comes in the second position.

In this clause, desuden is placed first, so the verb must come next:

desuden læser jeg ofte avisen i metroen

The og simply links this clause to the previous one; it does not change the internal V2 structure of the new main clause.

So the pattern is:

og + desuden + læser + jeg ...

Desuden means besides, moreover, or in addition. It adds another point.

Også usually just means also/too.

So:

• desuden = adding a new extra statement
• også = also, as well

In this sentence, desuden works well because the speaker is listing another commuting habit.

Because adverbs of frequency like ofte are commonly placed before the object in Danish.

So:

læser jeg ofte avisen

is the natural order here.

A useful pattern is:

verb + subject + adverb + object

in a main clause where something else comes first.

If the clause started with the subject, you would also naturally say:

Jeg læser ofte avisen.

Because Danish often uses the suffixed definite article:

• avis → avisen = the newspaper
• metro → metroen = the metro

In this sentence, that sounds natural because the speaker is referring to a familiar, concrete thing:

• the newspaper they read
• the metro they ride in

English sometimes uses a more general form where Danish prefers the definite form.

Because termokop is a common gender noun in Danish:

en termokop

With common gender singular nouns, the possessive is min:

• min kop
• min termokop

If the noun were neuter (et-word), you would use mit instead.

Because Danish normally writes compound nouns as a single word.

So:

• termo
  • kop → termokop

This is very common in Danish. English often uses two words where Danish uses one.

Other examples:

• togstation
• kaffekop
• avisartikel

Yes, here pendler is the verb: commutes.

The infinitive is at pendle = to commute, and the present tense is pendler.

Danish also has the noun en pendler = a commuter, so the same form can appear as either a noun or a verb. The sentence structure tells you which one it is.

Here, after jeg, it is clearly a verb:

jeg pendler = I commute

Because Danish verbs do not change according to person the way English verbs sometimes do.

In the present tense, you get:

• jeg pendler
• du pendler
• han/hun pendler
• vi pendler

So once you know the present tense form, it stays the same for all persons.

The commas are there because Danish punctuation often marks clause boundaries clearly.

A useful thing to know is that Danish has had two accepted comma systems. In traditional comma style, you put a comma before a subordinate clause, which is why you see:

..., når jeg pendler, ...

The comma after pendler marks the end of that subordinate clause before the next main clause begins.

So even if comma style can vary a little, the commas here are completely normal.

Yes. Danish present tense is often used for habitual actions, just like English simple present.

So:

Jeg tager min termokop med, når jeg pendler

means this is something the speaker usually does.

Danish does not have a direct equivalent of the English progressive system in the same way, so the plain present tense often covers ideas like repeated or regular actions very naturally.