Hvis jeg bliver færdig med opgaven, får jeg lov til at gå hjem tidligt.

Because Danish main clauses follow the V2 rule: the finite verb must come in second position.

In this sentence, the whole Hvis jeg bliver færdig med opgaven clause takes the first position. That means the next element must be the finite verb:

• Hvis jeg bliver færdig med opgaven, får jeg lov til at gå hjem tidligt.

So the order is:

1. subordinate clause
2. finite verb: får
3. subject: jeg

If the sentence started directly with the main clause, it would be:

• Jeg får lov til at gå hjem tidligt, hvis jeg bliver færdig med opgaven.

Then jeg får is correct, because the subject comes first.

Bliver færdig means become finished / get finished, while er færdig means am finished / am done.

So:

• jeg bliver færdig = I get finished / I finish
• jeg er færdig = I am finished / I’m done

In this sentence, the idea is about a future condition: if I manage to finish the assignment, then something else happens. That is why bliver færdig sounds natural.

Compare:

• Hvis jeg bliver færdig med opgaven... = If I finish the assignment...
• Hvis jeg er færdig med opgaven... = If I am finished with the assignment...

The second one is possible too, but it focuses more on the state of already being done.

It is a very common expression meaning am allowed to, get permission to, or sometimes get to.

So:

• jeg får lov til at gå hjem = I’m allowed to go home / I get permission to go home

Literally, få lov is something like receive permission.

This expression is extremely common in Danish, so it is best to learn it as a chunk:

• få lov til at + infinitive

Examples:

• Jeg får lov til at blive hjemme. = I’m allowed to stay home.
• Børnene fik lov til at se fjernsyn. = The children were allowed to watch TV.

Because the fixed construction is:

• få lov til at + infinitive

Here:

• får lov = get permission
• til at gå = to go

So the full pattern is not optional in standard Danish:

• Jeg får lov til at gå.

You should think of lov til at as part of one larger expression. It is not just random extra words inserted before the verb.

Because Danish commonly uses the pattern:

• færdig med + noun

It means finished with something.

So:

• færdig med opgaven = finished with the assignment
• færdig med arbejdet = finished with the work
• færdig med maden = finished with the food

This is just the normal preposition used with færdig in this meaning. English speakers often want to translate too literally, but in Danish med is the standard choice here.

Because Danish often uses the present tense for future meaning when the context makes the time clear.

In this sentence, the future sense comes from the conditional structure:

• Hvis jeg bliver færdig ..., får jeg lov ...

Even though both verbs are in the present tense, the meaning is future:

• If I finish..., I will be allowed...

This is very normal in Danish. English often uses present tense in the if-clause too:

• If I finish the assignment, I get / will get to go home early.

So this is not as different from English as it may first seem.

Yes, but it would change the meaning.

• hvis = if
• når = when

Hvis is used when the condition is uncertain or not guaranteed:

• Hvis jeg bliver færdig... = If I finish...

Når is used when the speaker treats it as expected or certain:

• Når jeg bliver færdig... = When I finish...

So in your sentence, hvis suggests that finishing the assignment is a possibility, not a certainty.

Yes. You can say:

• Hvis jeg bliver færdig med opgaven, så får jeg lov til at gå hjem tidligt.

The så means then, and it can make the sentence feel a little more explicit or conversational.

Without så, the sentence is still completely correct and very natural:

• Hvis jeg bliver færdig med opgaven, får jeg lov til at gå hjem tidligt.

So så is optional here.

Because hjem in Danish often works as an adverb meaning homeward / home, not as an ordinary noun in this structure.

So:

• gå hjem = go home
• komme hjem = come home
• køre hjem = drive home

You do not normally use a preposition before hjem in this meaning.

Compare:

• Jeg går hjem. = I’m going home.
• Jeg er hjemme. = I am at home.

Notice the difference:

• hjem = movement toward home
• hjemme = being at home

Tidligt is an adverb meaning early, and in this sentence it naturally modifies the infinitive phrase gå hjem.

So:

• gå hjem tidligt = go home early

Putting it at the end is the most neutral and natural placement here.

You may sometimes see adverbs moved for emphasis, but for a learner, the safest pattern is:

• verb of movement + hjem
  • time/manner adverb

Example:

• Hun gik hjem sent. = She went home late.
• Vi tager hjem tidligt. = We’re going home early.

Opgaven is the definite singular form of opgave.

• en opgave = an assignment / a task
• opgaven = the assignment / the task

Danish usually adds the definite article to the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like English the.

So:

• bog = book
• bogen = the book

Here, opgaven means a specific assignment that both speaker and listener already know about.

Because the sentence begins with a subordinate clause:

• Hvis jeg bliver færdig med opgaven

and then continues with the main clause:

• får jeg lov til at gå hjem tidligt

Danish normally separates these clauses with a comma. So the comma helps show the structure clearly.

For a learner, it is useful to see the sentence as:

• Hvis ... , ...

That comma often appears when a subordinate clause comes first.

Not in this sentence.

Danish lov can mean:

1. law
2. permission

In få lov til, it means permission, not legal law.

So:

• en lov = a law
• at få lov til noget = to be allowed to do something

This is one of those words whose meaning depends heavily on the expression it appears in.