Den gamle potte er for lille, så hun flytter blomsten over i en større potte.

Because Danish usually uses double definiteness when a definite noun has an adjective in front of it.

• without adjective: potten = the pot
• with adjective: den gamle potte = the old pot

So Danish does not normally say gamle potten in standard language. If there is an adjective before the noun, you use:

• den / det / de
  • adjective + noun

That is why the sentence has den gamle potte.

Because adjectives usually take -e after den, det, de in definite phrases.

Compare:

• en gammel potte = an old pot
• den gamle potte = the old pot

So gammel changes to gamle because the noun phrase is definite.

Here for means too, not the English preposition for.

So:

• for lille = too small
• for stor = too big
• for dyr = too expensive

This is a very common Danish use of for.

Because lille is the adjective describing potte after the verb er.

In this sentence, potte is singular, so lille is the correct form:

• Potten er lille = The pot is small

If it were plural, Danish would use:

• Potterne er små = The pots are small

So lille matches a singular noun here.

Here så means so or therefore.

It connects the two parts of the sentence:

• Den gamle potte er for lille = The old pot is too small
• så hun flytter blomsten ... = so she moves the flower ...

So it shows result or consequence.

Because in this sentence så is being used as a conjunction meaning so.

That means it links two clauses, and the second clause keeps normal main-clause order:

• hun flytter blomsten

So:

• ..., så hun flytter blomsten ...

By contrast, så flytter hun ... could also exist, but then så is more like then, placed in the first position of the clause, which triggers inversion.

So here så hun flytter is the natural structure for so she moves ....

Flytter is the present tense of at flytte.

• infinitive: at flytte = to move
• present: flytter = moves / is moving

There is no at here because flytter is a finite verb in a normal sentence, not an infinitive.

Danish often uses the present tense to describe what is happening in a situation or story, just as English can say She moves the flower into a bigger pot.

Because the sentence is talking about a specific flower, not just any flower.

• en blomst = a flower
• blomsten = the flower

In Danish, the definite form is often made by adding an ending to the noun:

• en blomst
• blomsten

So hun flytter blomsten means she moves the flower.

You learn that from vocabulary study or a dictionary, because noun gender has to be memorized.

Here they are both common gender nouns:

• en potte → potten
• en blomst → blomsten

That is why the sentence uses:

• den gamle potte
• en større potte
• blomsten

If they were et words, the forms would be different.

Because flytte ... over i ... means move ... over into ....

The two parts add slightly different ideas:

• over = from one place to another, across/over
• i = into, inside

So hun flytter blomsten over i en større potte suggests transferring the flower from the old pot into a bigger one.

If you only said i, the idea of moving it from one container to another would be less clear. And til would usually be less natural here, because a pot is something the flower goes into, not just to.

Because the new pot is being compared with the old one.

• stor = big
• større = bigger

So:

• en stor potte = a big pot
• en større potte = a bigger pot

The sentence specifically means the new pot is bigger than the old pot, so Danish uses the comparative større.

It is the comparative form of stor, and yes, learners usually just memorize it:

• stor = big
• større = bigger
• størst = biggest

So you cannot form it as mere stor in normal Danish. The natural comparative is større.

Yes, but only if you remove the adjective.

For example:

• Potten er for lille = The pot is too small

But if you want to say the old pot, Danish needs the full definite phrase:

• den gamle potte

So:

• Potten er for lille is correct
• den gamle potte er for lille is also correct
• gamle potten is not standard Danish

Because Danish often repeats the noun when introducing the new thing clearly:

• den gamle potte = the old pot
• en større potte = a bigger pot

This makes the contrast very clear: one pot is too small, so the flower is moved into another, bigger pot.

A pronoun would be less clear here, because the sentence wants to emphasize the change from one pot to another.