Selvom baggården er lille, er der plads nok til et tørrestativ og et lille bord.

Because selvom is a conjunction meaning although / even though. In standard Danish, that conjunction is normally written as one word: selvom.

So here, Selvom baggården er lille ... is the same kind of structure as English Although the backyard is small ....

Because selvom introduces a subordinate clause, and subordinate clauses in Danish normally keep the basic order:

subject + verb + other elements

So:

• baggården = subject
• er = verb
• lille = adjective

That gives baggården er lille.

This is because Danish is a V2 language in main clauses: the finite verb usually comes in the second position.

Here, the whole subordinate clause Selvom baggården er lille takes the first position. So in the main clause, the finite verb must come next:

• Selvom baggården er lille, er der plads nok ...

If the sentence started directly with the main clause, it would be:

• Der er plads nok ...

But after a fronted clause, Danish switches to:

• ..., er der ...

Here der is an existential der, like English there in there is / there are.

So der er plads literally works like there is space.

This der does not mean a specific place like there over there. It is just part of the existential structure.

Because baggården is the definite singular form: the backyard / the courtyard.

In Danish, definiteness is often added as a suffix:

• en baggård = a backyard
• baggården = the backyard

So the sentence is talking about a specific backyard, not just any backyard.

Yes, both are possible:

• der er plads nok til ...
• der er nok plads til ...

Both mean there is enough space for ...

In your sentence, plads nok sounds very natural and idiomatic. It puts a little more focus on plads first, then adds nok.

Also, Danish uses til after plads in this expression:

• plads til noget = space/room for something

So plads nok til et tørrestativ = enough space for a drying rack.

Because Danish commonly forms compound nouns by writing them as one word.

Examples here:

• baggård = bag
  • gård
• tørrestativ = tørre
  • stativ

This is very normal in Danish. English often writes similar ideas as two words, but Danish usually joins them.

A useful rule: in Danish compounds, the last part usually determines the grammatical gender.

So:

• gård is common gender → en baggård
• stativ is neuter → et tørrestativ

Because both tørrestativ and bord are neuter nouns in Danish.

Danish singular indefinite articles are:

• en for common gender
• et for neuter

So:

• et tørrestativ
• et bord
• et lille bord

You simply have to learn the gender of each noun, although compound nouns often follow the gender of their final element.

Because lille is an irregular adjective. It does not add -t in the neuter singular.

With many adjectives, neuter singular does take -t:

• en stor bil
• et stort hus

But lille behaves differently:

• en lille bil
• et lille hus
• et lille bord

So et lille bord is correct.

Because each singular count noun normally needs its own article.

So Danish says:

• et tørrestativ og et lille bord

That means:

• one drying rack
• and one small table

Repeating the article is the normal way to coordinate two separate singular nouns.

Because the sentence begins with a subordinate clause:

• Selvom baggården er lille

Then the main clause follows:

• er der plads nok til et tørrestativ og et lille bord

The comma marks the boundary between those two parts. In a sentence like this, that comma is standard Danish punctuation.