Jeg finder mine sokker i en lille kurv ved sengen.

Finder is the present tense form of at finde.

• at finde = to find
• finder = find / am finding

Danish verbs do not change for person the way English sometimes does. So you get:

• jeg finder = I find
• du finder = you find
• vi finder = we find

The form stays finder with all subjects in the present tense.

Yes. Danish does not normally mark the progressive the way English does with am/is/are ...-ing.

So jeg finder can mean different things depending on context, such as:

• I find
• I am finding
• sometimes even a habitual I usually find

In a sentence like this, the exact English translation depends on the situation. Danish often leaves that to context.

Because sokker is plural.

Danish possessive forms agree with the noun:

• min for singular common gender nouns
  
  • min sok = my sock
• mit for singular neuter nouns
  
  • mit ur = my watch
• mine for plural nouns
  
  • mine sokker = my socks

So here mine is used because there is more than one sock.

Because the possessive already does that job.

In Danish, a possessive like min, mit, mine usually replaces an article:

• sokker = socks
• mine sokker = my socks

You do not normally add an article before it. So mine sokker is the normal form, not something like de mine sokker.

There are two things happening here:

1. kurv is an en-word
   So its indefinite article is en:

   • en kurv = a basket

2. The adjective is lille
   So:

   • en lille kurv = a small basket

A useful point: in modern Danish, lille is used with singular nouns of both genders:

• en lille kurv
• et lille hus

For plural, Danish usually uses små:

• små kurve = small baskets

Because they describe two different kinds of location:

• i en lille kurv = in a small basket
  This tells you the socks are inside the basket.

• ved sengen = by / near / beside the bed
  This tells you where the basket is located.

So the structure is basically:

• the socks are in the basket
• the basket is by the bed

Because sengen is the definite form: the bed.

Danish often puts definiteness on the end of the noun:

• en seng = a bed
• sengen = the bed

Here, the speaker is referring to a specific bed, not just any bed. That is why sengen is natural.

This also creates a nice contrast in the sentence:

• en lille kurv = a small basket, introduced as new information
• sengen = the bed, treated as something specific/known

It could, but it would mean something slightly different in emphasis.

• ved sengen = by the bed
• ved min seng = by my bed

If it is already obvious whose bed is meant, Danish often just uses the definite form sengen. English sometimes does something similar with the bed instead of my bed, depending on context.

Using min seng would make the ownership more explicit.

The sentence follows the normal Danish main clause pattern:

• Jeg = subject
• finder = finite verb
• mine sokker = object
• i en lille kurv ved sengen = place information

So the order is basically:

Subject + Verb + Object + Adverbial

That is very common in simple Danish statements.

Also remember that Danish is a V2 language in main clauses. That means the finite verb normally stays in the second position. If you move another element to the front, the verb still stays second:

• I en lille kurv ved sengen finder jeg mine sokker.

That version is more marked, but grammatically it shows the same rule.

The most natural reading is that it describes the basket:

• i en lille kurv ved sengen = in a small basket by the bed

So the basket is by the bed, and the socks are in that basket.

In real life, that also tells you where the finding happens, but grammatically the closest and most natural interpretation is that ved sengen goes with kurv.

If you wanted to make that extra clear, you could say:

• Jeg finder mine sokker i en lille kurv, som står ved sengen.

That means I find my socks in a small basket that stands by the bed.