Moje dcera si chce půjčit hodně knih.

Because dcera is the subject of the sentence, it is in the nominative case.

• moje dcera = my daughter
• nominative is the basic dictionary-style form used for the subject

Other forms would appear in other grammatical roles:

• mojí dceru = my daughter as a direct object (accusative)
• mojí dceři = to my daughter (dative)
• s mojí dcerou = with my daughter (instrumental)

So here, since my daughter is the one who wants to borrow, moje dcera is correct.

Si is a reflexive dative pronoun. In this sentence, it shows that the borrowing is done for oneself / for one’s own use.

So:

• půjčit can relate to lending or borrowing depending on context
• půjčit si specifically means to borrow

Compare:

• Půjčím knihu sestře. = I will lend a book to my sister.
• Půjčím si knihu. = I will borrow a book.

So in Moje dcera si chce půjčit hodně knih, si helps express the idea my daughter wants to borrow a lot of books (for herself).

Because Czech, like English, often uses one verb to express wanting, and another to express the main action.

• chce = wants
• půjčit si = to borrow

Together:

• chce si půjčit = wants to borrow

This is similar to English wants to borrow:

• want = first verb
• borrow = second verb in infinitive form

In Czech, after chtít (to want), the next verb usually appears in the infinitive:

• Chci jít. = I want to go.
• Chce číst. = He/She wants to read.
• Moje dcera si chce půjčit... = My daughter wants to borrow...

Because chce is the conjugated verb, and půjčit depends on it.

In Czech, after verbs like chtít (to want), the following verb normally stays in the infinitive:

• chci číst = I want to read
• chce spát = he/she wants to sleep
• chceme koupit auto = we want to buy a car

So in your sentence:

• chce = finite/conjugated form, agreeing with dcera
• půjčit = infinitive, because it follows chce

Because after hodně (a lot of / many), Czech typically uses the genitive plural.

• singular: kniha = book
• plural nominative: knihy = books
• plural genitive: knih = of books

So:

• hodně knih = a lot of books

This is a very common pattern in Czech:

• hodně lidí = a lot of people
• hodně času = a lot of time
• hodně peněz = a lot of money

Even though English just says a lot of books, Czech grammar requires knih, not knihy, after hodně.

They are very similar, and both can mean a lot of books / many books.

• hodně knih = very common, natural in everyday speech
• mnoho knih = also correct, sometimes slightly more formal or bookish

In many situations, they are interchangeable.

Examples:

• Má hodně přátel. = He/She has a lot of friends.
• Má mnoho přátel. = same basic meaning

For a learner, hodně is extremely useful and very common in spoken Czech.

Yes. Czech word order is more flexible than English word order, because case endings show grammatical roles.

The neutral order here is:

• Moje dcera si chce půjčit hodně knih.

But other orders are possible depending on emphasis:

• Moje dcera chce si půjčit hodně knih. — grammatically possible, but less natural
• Hodně knih si chce půjčit moje dcera. — emphasizes a lot of books
• Si chce moje dcera půjčit hodně knih. — possible in special contexts, but not neutral

The most natural everyday version is the original:

• Moje dcera si chce půjčit hodně knih.

A useful point: the reflexive si often appears early in the sentence, usually close to the verb complex.

Chce is the 3rd person singular form of chtít (to want), and it agrees with dcera because dcera is she / it grammatically, singular.

Present tense of chtít:

• chci = I want
• chceš = you want
• chce = he/she/it wants
• chceme = we want
• chcete = you (plural/formal) want
• chtějí / chcou = they want

Since dcera = daughter, singular, the correct form is chce:

• Moje dcera chce... = My daughter wants...

This is a very common learner question. Czech handles this differently from English.

The verb půjčit can be involved in both ideas, but the structure tells you which meaning is intended:

• půjčit něco někomu = to lend something to someone
• půjčit si něco = to borrow something

So:

• Půjčil kamarádovi knihu. = He lent a book to a friend.
• Půjčil si knihu. = He borrowed a book.

In your sentence, because of si, the meaning is clearly borrow.

In Czech, short unstressed words like si, se, mi, ti, mu often go in a special position near the beginning of the clause. These are called clitics.

So although si logically belongs with půjčit, its position is often earlier:

• Moje dcera si chce půjčit hodně knih.

This is more natural than placing si later in many cases.

Learners often want to build it like English, but Czech clitic placement follows its own rules. For now, it is good to remember this as the normal pattern:

• subject + si
  • conjugated verb + infinitive

For example:

• Petr si chce koupit auto.
• Eva si chce odpočinout.

Normally, no—not if you mean borrow.

Without si, the sentence would sound incomplete or would tend toward a lend interpretation, but it would still need more structure to make full sense.

• chce si půjčit knihy = she wants to borrow books
• chce půjčit knihy kamarádovi = she wants to lend books to a friend

So si is essential here if the meaning is borrow.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

• půjčit ≈ POY-cheet

A bit more carefully:

• pů sounds roughly like poo with a different vowel quality
• jč blends into something like ych/ch + ch
• -it at the end sounds like -eet

Important parts:

• ůj is a diphthong-like combination
• č is like ch in check
• í is a long ee sound

If pronunciation is a focus, it can help to listen to native audio, because Czech spelling is fairly regular but some clusters take practice.

Not especially—it comes from the noun kniha (book), which follows a common feminine pattern, but the genitive plural can look surprising to learners.

Main forms:

• kniha = singular nominative
• knihy = plural nominative
• knih = plural genitive

The jump from knihy to knih is normal for this noun type. You just need to learn that after words like hodně, the genitive plural is required.

So:

• vidím knihy = I see books
• hodně knih = a lot of books

Different case, different form.

A close breakdown is:

• Moje = my
• dcera = daughter
• si = for herself / reflexive marker used with borrow
• chce = wants
• půjčit = to borrow / lend depending on structure; here to borrow
• hodně = a lot of
• knih = books in genitive plural

So very literally:

• My daughter wants to borrow for herself a lot of books

Natural English:

• My daughter wants to borrow a lot of books.