V sobotu ráno bývá u našeho domu malý trh, kde jedna paní prodává borůvky a jiná jahody.

Here v sobotu is a time expression meaning on Saturday. In this kind of expression, Czech uses the accusative form, so sobota becomes sobotu.

Then ráno means in the morning, so:

v sobotu ráno = on Saturday morning

Because the verb later is bývá, the whole phrase suggests something that happens regularly on Saturday mornings, not just once.

Ráno is an adverb meaning in the morning / morning.

So:

• v sobotu = on Saturday
• ráno = in the morning

Together, v sobotu ráno means on Saturday morning.

Czech often builds time expressions this way, without needing an extra word like in before morning.

Bývá is a very important word here. It comes from být (to be), but it has a habitual meaning: is usually / tends to be / regularly is.

So:

• je = is
• bývá = is usually / tends to be

That means the sentence is not describing a one-time event. It is saying that this market happens repeatedly, as a usual Saturday-morning thing.

The preposition u means by / near / at and it requires the genitive case.

So:

• dům = house
• domu = of the house / genitive singular
• náš = our
• našeho agrees with domu in the genitive singular

So u našeho domu literally means something like by our house or near our house.

Malý trh is in the nominative singular.

• trh = market
• malý = small

It is the thing that exists / takes place in the sentence, so it appears in the nominative. Czech often places this kind of subject after the verb:

bývá ... malý trh = there is usually ... a small market

So although English says there is a small market, Czech simply says a small market usually is/takes place.

Kde means where and refers back to trh (market).

So:

malý trh, kde... = a small market, where...

It introduces a relative clause describing what happens at that market. In English, where works the same way.

Yes, jedna literally means one, but here it works more naturally as one woman / one lady in the sense of a certain woman.

So:

jedna paní prodává borůvky = one lady sells blueberries

In natural English, we often would not stress the number. But in Czech, jeden / jedna / jedno can be used this way to introduce one person, especially when contrasting with another person later in the sentence.

Jiná means another / a different one.

It is feminine singular because it stands for the omitted noun paní:

• jedna paní = one lady
• jiná (paní) = another lady

Czech often leaves out a repeated noun when it is obvious from context. So instead of repeating paní, it simply uses jiná by itself.

They are in the accusative plural because they are the direct objects of prodává (sells).

• borůvky = blueberries / bilberries
• jahody = strawberries

For these feminine plural nouns, the accusative form is the same as the nominative form, so the words look unchanged.

So:

• prodává borůvky = sells blueberries
• prodává jahody = sells strawberries

Czech often omits a repeated verb when it is easy to understand.

So:

jedna paní prodává borůvky a jiná jahody

means:

one lady sells blueberries and another (sells) strawberries

You could also say the full version:

jedna paní prodává borůvky a jiná prodává jahody

But leaving out the second prodává sounds natural and avoids repetition.

Prodává is the imperfective form of the verb prodávat (to sell).

That is the right choice here because the sentence describes an ongoing or repeated activity at the market, not a single completed sale.

Compare:

• prodává = is selling / sells
• prodá = will sell / sells once, as a completed action in the right context

Since the market is a regular event and the women are described by what they sell there, the imperfective prodává is the natural form.

Czech word order is fairly flexible. The version here is natural because it starts with the time expression and then gives the place and the main situation:

V sobotu ráno bývá u našeho domu malý trh...

This feels like:

On Saturday morning, near our house, there is usually a small market...

But other word orders are possible, for example:

U našeho domu bývá v sobotu ráno malý trh...

That would still be grammatical, but it would put a little more focus on near our house. Czech word order often changes emphasis rather than basic meaning.

Not exactly in every context. Borůvky usually refers to the small dark wild berries that English often calls bilberries, though in everyday translation people often say blueberries.

If someone means the larger cultivated blueberries, Czech may say kanadské borůvky, though in everyday speech people also often just say borůvky.

So in a learner translation, blueberries is usually fine, but the exact real-world berry may not match perfectly.