Ona je otišla iz sobe bez da kaže “laku noć”.

to be

Breakdown of Ona je otišla iz sobe bez da kaže “laku noć”.

• ona: she
• bez: without
• iz: from

Questions & Answers about Ona je otišla iz sobe bez da kaže “laku noć”.

Why do we say je otišla instead of just otišla?

Croatian past tense (perfect) is formed with an auxiliary verb (biti = to be) plus the past participle.

• je = 3rd person singular of biti in the present (she is).
• otišla = past participle of otići (to leave/go away), feminine singular.

So ona je otišla literally corresponds to she has gone / she went.

You can drop je only in very limited, usually poetic or highly elliptical contexts. In normal speech and writing you need the auxiliary:

• ✅ Ona je otišla.
• ❌ Ona otišla. (sounds incomplete in standard Croatian)

Why is it otišla and not otišao?

The past participle in Croatian agrees with the subject in gender and number.

• ona (she) → feminine singular
• past participle must match that: otišla (fem. sg.)

If the subject were masculine, it would be:

• On je otišao iz sobe bez da kaže laku noć. – otišao = masc. sg.

For a mixed or plural group:

• Oni su otišli … (masc. or mixed plural)
• One su otišle … (feminine plural)

Could we omit and just say ?