Questions & Answers about Izvadak mora biti čitljiv.
Why is izvadak in this form?
Izvadak is the nominative singular form, because it is the subject of the sentence.
In Izvadak mora biti čitljiv, the thing that must be legible is izvadak, so Croatian uses the basic dictionary form here.
A native English speaker may notice there is no article. Croatian normally does not use words like the or a/an, so izvadak can mean the extract/document/excerpt depending on context.
What kind of word is mora?
Mora is the 3rd person singular present tense of the verb morati, which means to have to / must.
So:
- ja moram = I must
- ti moraš = you must
- on/ona/ono mora = he/she/it must
Since izvadak is grammatically singular, the verb is also singular: mora.
Why do we say mora biti instead of changing biti into another form?
After the modal verb morati, Croatian normally uses the infinitive of the main verb.
So:
- mora biti = must be
- mora doći = must come
- mora stati = must stop
This is very similar to English:
- must be
- must come
So biti stays in the infinitive because it depends on the modal verb mora.
Why is čitljiv in that form and not čitljiva or čitljivo?
Čitljiv is an adjective, and it agrees with izvadak in gender and number.
Since izvadak is:
- masculine
- singular
the adjective must also be masculine singular:
- čitljiv = masculine singular
- čitljiva = feminine singular
- čitljivo = neuter singular
For example:
- Knjiga mora biti čitljiva. = The book must be legible/readable.
- Pismo mora biti čitljivo. = The letter must be legible/readable.
Is čitljiv in the nominative here?
Yes. In this sentence, čitljiv is a predicate adjective after biti, so it matches the subject izvadak.
That is why it appears in the same basic agreement form: masculine singular nominative.
This is similar to other Croatian sentences with biti:
- On je umoran.
- Dokument je važan.
- Izvadak mora biti čitljiv.
What exactly does čitljiv mean?
Čitljiv means legible or readable, especially in the sense that something can be read clearly.
It is often used in formal or administrative language, for example about:
- handwriting
- printed text
- forms
- copies of documents
So in this sentence it suggests that the extract/document must be clear enough to read.
Is there a difference between čitljiv and čitak?
Yes, although they are often close in meaning.
- čitljiv = readable, legible
- čitak = clear to read, often very neat or visually clear
In many contexts they overlap, but čitljiv is especially common in formal instructions and document-related language.
So Izvadak mora biti čitljiv sounds natural in an official or administrative setting.
Can the word order change?
Yes, Croatian word order is fairly flexible, but Izvadak mora biti čitljiv is the most neutral and natural order.
You may also see different word orders for emphasis, for example:
- Čitljiv mora biti izvadak.
- Izvadak čitljiv mora biti.
These are much more marked and would usually sound unusual without a specific context. For a learner, the safest choice is the standard order:
- subject + modal verb + infinitive + adjective
So: Izvadak mora biti čitljiv.
Why isn’t there a word for the in the sentence?
Croatian does not have articles like English a/an and the.
So izvadak can mean:
- an extract
- the extract
- the document extract
Which one is intended depends on context.
That is very normal in Croatian, and learners need to get used to understanding definiteness from the situation rather than from an article.
How is čitljiv pronounced?
A rough pronunciation guide is:
- či- like chi in chip, but with a firmer ch sound
- -tljiv has a consonant cluster that may feel difficult at first
A rough English-style approximation is something like CHEET-lyiv, though not perfectly.
Two sounds that often matter here are:
- č = like ch in church
- lj = a soft sound, somewhat like lli in million for many learners
You do not need to pronounce it exactly like English spelling suggests. The important thing is to notice that č and lj are separate Croatian sounds.
Is this sentence formal?
Yes, it sounds fairly formal and would fit well in:
- administrative instructions
- official forms
- document requirements
- legal or bureaucratic language
That is because words like izvadak and čitljiv are common in official contexts. In everyday speech, people might choose a different noun depending on what the document actually is, but the grammar would stay the same.
Could Croatian leave out biti here?
In this sentence, biti should stay.
With morati, if you want to say must be, Croatian normally uses:
- mora biti
So:
- Izvadak mora biti čitljiv. = correct
Leaving out biti would not work here, because čitljiv is describing a state, and Croatian needs the verb biti with the modal to express that properly.
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