Learn Hardcore Chinese: nǐ xiànzài yǒukòng ma? wǒmen xiān jiéshù zhè jiàn shìqíng, zài jìxù. - Are you free now? Let’s finish this matter first, then continue.

有空 (yǒu kòng) literally “to have emptiness,” idiomatically “to be free (not busy).”
有时间 (yǒu shíjiān) “to have time (available).” It sounds a bit more neutral/precise about schedule.
In casual speech, 有空 is more common for “Are you free (now)?” While 有时间 can feel a bit more formal or used when planning: 你周末有时间吗？

Can I move 现在 around? Is 你现在有空吗 the only correct word order?

Default word order is Subject + Time + Verb: 你现在有空吗？
现在你有空吗？ also works and puts extra emphasis on “now.”
你有空吗现在？ is not standard; it can occur in very casual speech as an afterthought, but avoid it in careful speech.

Why do we use 吗? Could I ask the same question without it?

吗 marks a yes–no question: 你现在有空吗？
You can drop 吗 and use rising intonation in casual speech, but that’s less standard in writing.
Alternative formats:
- A-not-A: 你现在有没有空？
- 你现在有空不？ (very colloquial/regional)
- Don’t use 呢 here; 呢 doesn’t make a neutral yes–no question.

How do I pronounce 空 in 有空, and does tone change its meaning?

Why is 件 used before 事情? Can I say 这事情 or 这个事情 instead?

件 is the standard measure word for matters/events: 一件事情 / 这件事情 / 这件事.
Very common colloquial alternatives: 这事, 这事儿 (northern).
这个事情 is widely heard in speech and accepted by many; 这事情 also occurs colloquially. For safe, natural Mandarin, prefer 这件事(情) or 这事(儿).

Does 结束 mean the same as 完成 or 做完? Which is best here?

结束: to end/bring to a close (an activity, meeting, process). Neutral about whether the goal was achieved.
完成: to complete/fulfill (goal achieved).
做完: to finish doing (emphasizes finishing the task).
In your sentence, 结束这件事情 = “wrap this up.” If you mean “finish accomplishing it,” use 把这件事做完/完成.

Isn’t it contradictory to say 先结束这件事情，再继续 (“finish this matter, then continue”)?

Not necessarily. 继续 means “continue (what we were doing/another task).” The context is often implicit:

“Let’s wrap up this issue first, then continue (with the meeting/next topic/previous plan).” The listener understands what will be continued from context.

How does the 先…再… pattern work? Could I use 然后 instead?

先…再… = “first…, then…” with a planning/ordering nuance. It often implies B happens after A is completed.
先结束这件事情，再继续。
然后 is a neutral “then/after that,” often used in narration: 先…, 然后… is also fine.
You can combine: 先…, 然后再….
Note: 再 (then/again) in this pattern is sequencing; for repeated past events use 又, not 再.

Should there be a 了 after 结束 to show completion?

Not required. 先…再… already implies completion of the first step.
You might see: 先把这件事情结束了，再继续。 Here 了 (perfective) emphasizes getting it done before moving on. It’s natural in speech, especially with a 把 construction.

Can I use a 把 sentence here?

Yes:

我们先把这件事情结束，再继续。
把 brings the object forward and highlights the effect on it (“get this thing finished”). Meaning is essentially the same but slightly more task-focused.

Is 再继续 redundant? Isn’t 继续 already “continue”?

Here 再 = “then (after that),” because of the 先…再… pattern. It’s not “again.”
So 再继续 = “then continue.”
Without the pattern, 继续 can stand alone or take a verb/object: 继续说/继续讨论/继续下去.
接着 is another adverb: …，接着继续 is okay but often 接着 or 继续 alone suffices.

How do I answer 你现在有空吗 in a natural way?

Is there a more polite way to ask “Are you free now?”

What’s the role of 吧 if I add it to the second sentence?

我们先结束这件事情，再继续吧。
吧 softens it into a suggestion (“let’s …”), making it more collaborative/polite than a bare statement of plan.

Could I drop 我们 in the second sentence?

先结束这件事情，再继续。 is fine and sounds like an instruction/procedure.
我们… makes it explicitly inclusive (“let’s …”); add 吧 to make it even more suggestive: 我们…吧。

Does 继续 need an object? Should I say 继续什么?

继续 can be:
- Intransitive when the context is clear: 再继续。
- Transitive with a verb/object: 继续讨论/继续工作/继续说。
If there’s any ambiguity, add the verb/object: …再继续讨论。