لما طلعت الشمس، فتحت امي الشباك.

Here لما means when or once/as soon as. It introduces a time clause:

• لما طلعت الشمس = when the sun rose / when the sun came up

In Levantine, لما is very common in everyday speech for this kind of past-time connection.

Because الشمس is grammatically feminine in Arabic.

So the verb agrees with it:

• طلع = he rose / it rose (masculine)
• طلعت = she rose / it rose (feminine)

Even though the sun is not biologically female, Arabic treats الشمس as feminine, so you say:

• طلعت الشمس

It literally comes from the verb طلع, which means to go up, come out, rise, appear.

So طلعت الشمس is literally something like:

• the sun rose
• the sun came up
• the sun came out

This is a very normal Arabic way to talk about sunrise.

Because the subject is أمي = my mother, and that is feminine.

So the past-tense verb is feminine singular:

• فتح = he opened
• فتحت = she opened

That is why we get:

• فتحت أمي الشباك = my mother opened the window

أمي means my mother.

It is made of:

• أم = mother
• ـي = my

So:

• أمي = my mother

In everyday writing, especially informal writing, you may also see it written امي without the hamza, but أمي is the more standard spelling.

Because أمي is already a possessed noun: my mother.

In Arabic, nouns with possessive endings like ـي usually do not take الـ.

Compare:

• الأم = the mother
• أمي = my mother

So أمي does not need الـ.

الشباك means the window.

Yes, شباك is very common in Levantine Arabic for window.
In Modern Standard Arabic, learners often meet نافذة, but in everyday Levantine, شباك is extremely natural.

So:

• شباك = window
• الشباك = the window

Because Arabic very often uses verb + subject word order, especially in storytelling or narration.

So these are natural:

• طلعت الشمس = the sun rose
• فتحت أمي الشباك = my mother opened the window

You can often also hear subject-first wording in colloquial Arabic, but verb-first is very common and natural here.

It is very understandable and quite close to Standard Arabic in structure, but it has a clear everyday Levantine feel, especially because of الشباك.

Reasons it feels colloquial / Levantine:

• الشباك is an everyday spoken word
• there are no case endings
• the whole sentence sounds like normal speech

A Standard Arabic learner would still understand it easily.

A common Levantine-style pronunciation would be something like:

• lamma ṭleʕet ish-shams, fataḥet emmi sh-shubbāk
• or in a slightly different local pronunciation: lamma ṭalaʕet ish-shams, fataḥet emmi sh-shibbāk

A few notes:

• لما = lamma
• طلعت often sounds like ṭleʕet or ṭalaʕet, depending on region/speaker
• الشمس is often pronounced with ish-/esh-
• الشباك is often pronounced sh-shubbāk / sh-shibbāk

Pronunciation varies a bit across Levantine regions.

Because Arabic commonly uses the past tense in both parts when talking about one past event happening when another past event happened.

So:

• لما طلعت الشمس = when the sun rose
• فتحت أمي الشباك = my mother opened the window

This is completely normal in Arabic. You do not need a special tense like English sometimes uses.

Because both nouns are definite here:

• الشمس = the sun
• الشباك = the window

Arabic usually uses الـ to mean the.

So the sentence is talking about a specific sun and a specific window, not just a sun or a window.

Not really. The comma is just punctuation to make the sentence easier to read.

You can write:

• لما طلعت الشمس فتحت أمي الشباك
• لما طلعت الشمس، فتحت أمي الشباك

Both are fine. In modern writing, many people use the comma to separate the when clause from the main clause, just as in English.