صديقتي كمان اشترت تلفون جديد مبارح.

صديقتي means my female friend.

It breaks down like this:

• صديقة = a female friend
• ـي = my

So صديقتي literally means my friend when the friend is female.

Depending on context, it can sometimes also mean my girlfriend, but very often it just means my female friend.

Because the final ة in صديقة is a taa marbuuTa. When you add a suffix like ـي for my, that ة is pronounced as t.

So:

• صديقة = female friend
• صديقتي = my female friend

This is very common in Arabic. You will see the same thing in words like:

• سيارة → سيارتي = my car
• مدرسة → مدرستي = my school

Because the subject is feminine singular: صديقتي.

In the past tense, Arabic changes the verb to match the subject. So اشترت is the she bought form.

Very roughly:

• اشترى or colloquially اشترا = he bought
• اشترت = she bought

So the sentence uses اشترت because the person doing the action is a woman or girl.

Because Arabic does not need a separate subject pronoun here.

The verb اشترت already tells you she bought, and the noun صديقتي tells you who that she is. So the sentence is complete without adding هي.

If you said هي صديقتي كمان اشترت..., that would usually sound unnecessary unless you were emphasizing she in contrast with someone else.

Here كمان means also, too, or as well.

So it adds the idea that my friend also bought a new phone yesterday.

In Levantine, كمان is very common in everyday speech. It can sometimes also mean something like more depending on context, but here it clearly means also/too.

That placement is very natural in Levantine.

صديقتي كمان gives the sense of my friend too or my friend also. It attaches the idea of also to the subject.

Arabic word order is flexible, so you may hear كمان in other positions too, but this position is very common and easy to understand.

Because Arabic does not have a separate indefinite article like a or an.

A bare noun can mean a/an:

• تلفون جديد = a new phone

If you wanted the new phone, you would usually say:

• التلفون الجديد

So the absence of ال makes the phrase indefinite.

Because in Arabic, adjectives normally come after the noun they describe.

So:

• تلفون جديد = literally phone new
• natural English translation: a new phone

This is the normal word order for noun + adjective in Arabic.

Because تلفون is grammatically masculine.

Arabic adjectives agree with the noun in gender and number, so:

• تلفون جديد = a new phone
• سيارة جديدة = a new car

Since تلفون is masculine singular, the adjective must also be masculine singular: جديد.

مبارح means yesterday.

It is a very common Levantine colloquial word, not the usual formal Modern Standard Arabic word. In MSA, you would more often see أمس.

So مبارح is exactly the kind of word you expect in everyday spoken Levantine.

Yes, this word order is completely normal in Levantine.

The sentence starts with صديقتي, which puts a little focus on my friend as the topic: my friend also bought...

You could also hear a verb-first version, such as:

• اشترت صديقتي كمان تلفون جديد مبارح

That is also understandable, but the original sentence sounds very natural in conversation.

A rough pronunciation would be something like:

sadii’ti kaman ishtarat تلفون jdiid mbarih

A slightly more careful transliteration could be:

ṣadīʔti kamān ishtarat tilifōn jdīd mbāreḥ

A few sounds vary by region:

• the ق in صديقتي is often a glottal stop in many urban Levantine accents, so it sounds like sadii’ti
• ج in جديد may sound like j in some areas and more like zh in others

So pronunciation can shift a bit depending on whether the speaker is Syrian, Lebanese, Palestinian, or Jordanian.

تلفون is a borrowed word, and it is very common in everyday speech.

Depending on the country and the situation, you may also hear:

• موبايل = mobile phone
• جوال in some areas, especially more common in certain regions than others

But تلفون is very easy and widely understood in Levantine Arabic.