Tien minute is genoeg.

Because minute is the plural form.

• singular: minuut = minute
• plural: minute = minutes

So:

• een minuut = one minute
• tien minute = ten minutes

This often surprises English speakers because minute looks like the English singular form, but in Afrikaans it is plural here.

In Afrikaans, is is the present-tense form of wees and it is used with all persons and numbers:

• ek is
• jy is
• hy is
• ons is
• hulle is

So even if the subject is plural, you still use is. Afrikaans does not switch to a separate form like English are.

Genoeg means enough or sufficient.

In Tien minute is genoeg, it means that ten minutes is a sufficient amount of time.

It works very much like English enough in a sentence like That is enough.

Here it functions as a predicate adjective/complement after is.

So the structure is:

• Tien minute = the subject
• is = the verb
• genoeg = the description/complement

Afrikaans learners do not need to change the form of genoeg here. It stays genoeg.

Because none is needed.

• Tien minute is just a number + noun expression.
• genoeg is not a noun, so it does not take an article here either.

Compare:

• Tien minute is genoeg. = Ten minutes is enough.
• Die tien minute was genoeg. = The ten minutes were enough.

In your sentence, the plain amount of time is being stated, so no article is used.

Yes. Tien minute is genoeg tyd means Ten minutes is enough time.

The version without tyd is very natural when time is already understood from context:

• Tien minute is genoeg.
• Tien minute is genoeg tyd.

The shorter sentence is more concise, but both are correct.

Yes, but genoeg is the most natural everyday choice.

For example:

• Tien minute is voldoende.

Voldoende also means sufficient, but it sounds more formal than genoeg.

So for normal conversation, genoeg is usually best.

The normal word order here is:

• Tien minute is genoeg.

That is the most neutral and natural form.

You can change the sentence for emphasis or by adding other elements, but Afrikaans still follows its usual verb-second pattern in main clauses. For example:

• Vir hierdie taak is tien minute genoeg.
  = For this task, ten minutes is enough.

So yes, word order can change, but the original version is the standard simple pattern.

A rough learner-friendly guide:

• tien sounds close to English teen
• minute has three syllables in Afrikaans, unlike English minutes
• genoeg has the typical Afrikaans guttural g sound, which English does not have

The hardest word for most English speakers is genoeg, especially the g sounds. If you cannot make them perfectly yet, that is normal.

By itself, it normally means ten minutes as a stated amount.

If you want to make it clearly approximate, Afrikaans usually adds another word, such as:

• ongeveer tien minute = about ten minutes
• sowat tien minute = roughly ten minutes

So Tien minute is genoeg normally presents ten minutes as the amount being judged sufficient.