Alvorens ons kunsgebit en ortodonsie bespreek, ondersoek ons emalje.

Alvorens means before. It is correct Afrikaans, but it sounds a bit formal or written. In everyday speech, many speakers would more often use voordat.

So this sentence is natural, but it has a slightly formal or textbook-like tone.

Because alvorens introduces a subordinate clause, and in Afrikaans subordinate clauses usually send the finite verb to the end.

So:

• Alvorens ons kunsgebit en ortodonsie bespreek
• literally follows the pattern Before we dentures and orthodontics discuss

That verb-final pattern is very common after words like dat, omdat, voordat, terwyl, and alvorens.

This is because the sentence begins with a fronted clause: Alvorens ons kunsgebit en ortodonsie bespreek.

In Afrikaans main clauses, the finite verb normally comes in the second position. Since the first position is already taken by the whole alvorens clause, the main verb ondersoek must come next, and the subject ons comes after it.

So the structure is:

• first position: Alvorens ons kunsgebit en ortodonsie bespreek
• second position: ondersoek
• then the subject: ons

This is normal Afrikaans word order.

That is a very common learner question, because ons can mean both we/us and our.

Here, ons means we, because it is the subject of the main clause after inversion:

• ondersoek = examine
• ons = we
• emalje = enamel

If Afrikaans wanted to say our enamel, it would need another ons:

• ondersoek ons ons emalje = we examine our enamel

So in your sentence, the single ons after ondersoek is the subject, not a possessive.

Kunsgebit is a compound noun:

• kuns = artificial / man-made
• gebit = set of teeth, dentition, bite

So kunsgebit literally means something like artificial set of teeth, which is why it means denture or dentures.

Afrikaans uses compound nouns very freely, and the last part usually tells you what kind of thing it is. Here, the main thing is a gebit.

Afrikaans often treats kunsgebit as a singular noun meaning one whole set of artificial teeth. English usually uses the plural dentures, even when referring to one set.

So:

• 'n kunsgebit = a set of dentures
• kunsgebitte = dentures, if you really mean multiple sets

In your sentence, kunsgebit is being used in a general or topic-like way, not to count specific individual items.

Ortodonsie means orthodontics.

It is an abstract or field-of-study type noun, so it behaves a lot like English orthodontics:

• usually not plural
• often used without an article
• often refers to the subject, specialty, or treatment area in general

So in this sentence, ortodonsie is being discussed as a topic.

Afrikaans often leaves out the article when talking about something in a general, technical, or category-level sense.

That fits this sentence well:

• kunsgebit = dentures as a topic/category
• ortodonsie = orthodontics as a field
• emalje = enamel as a material/substance

Compare:

• Ons ondersoek emalje. = We examine enamel.
• Ons ondersoek die emalje. = We examine the enamel.
  This sounds more specific.

So the lack of die makes the sentence sound more general or textbook-like.

Yes. Both verbs are present tense:

• bespreek = discuss
• ondersoek = examine

In Afrikaans, the present tense is used very widely. It can describe:

• what is happening now
• a general truth
• a step in an explanation
• a habitual action

Here it sounds like explanatory or instructional present tense, the kind often used in textbooks or lectures.

Ondersoek can mean examine, inspect, or investigate, depending on context.

In a dental or medical context, examine is the most natural meaning. So here it suggests a careful professional look at the enamel, not just casually looking at it.

Yes. That would be a very natural change.

• Alvorens ons kunsgebit en ortodonsie bespreek, ondersoek ons emalje.
• Voordat ons kunsgebit en ortodonsie bespreek, ondersoek ons emalje.

Both are correct. The version with voordat sounds more everyday and less formal.

Because the sentence begins with a subordinate clause, and Afrikaans normally separates that introductory clause from the main clause with a comma.

So the pattern is:

• Subordinate clause, main clause.

That comma helps show where the first clause ends and where the main statement begins.