Learn French: Le vent féroce est aveuglant sur la banquise. - The fierce wind is blinding on the pack ice.

You would use pour + adjective + que + subjunctive. It becomes Pour féroce que soit le vent. Notice that the adjective féroce is placed between pour and que, and the verb être shifts to the subjunctive soit.

Is banquise the general word for ice in nature?

No, la banquise specifically refers to sea ice, an ice floe, or pack ice on the ocean. For standard ice you use la glace, and for a massive body of ice on land you use un glacier.

Why is aveuglant acting like an adjective here, and does it change form?

Aveuglant is the present participle of the verb aveugler (to blind). In French, present participles can often act as regular adjectives. When they do, they must agree in gender and number with the noun. Since le vent is masculine singular, it stays aveuglant, but for a feminine noun like la tempête (the storm), it would become aveuglante.

Could I place the adjective before the noun and say le féroce vent?