Breakdown of L'auteur a précisé qu'il n'avait gardé aucun souvenir de cette horreur.
il
he
avoir
to have
ne
not (used before the verb)
ce
this (before a noun)
de
of / from / any (in negative sentences) / about (concerning)
garder
to keep
que
that (introducing a clause)
l'auteur
the author (m)
aucun
no, not any (ne... aucun)
préciser
to specify
le souvenir
the memory (m)
l'horreur
the horror (f)
Questions & Answers about L'auteur a précisé qu'il n'avait gardé aucun souvenir de cette horreur.
How does the plus-que-parfait (avait gardé) work with the rules of reported speech in this sentence?
Because the reporting verb (a précisé) is in a past tense, the reported speech usually shifts further into the past (backshifting). If the author originally spoke in the passé composé (e.g., "Je n'ai gardé aucun souvenir"), it shifts back to the plus-que-parfait. However, if his original exact words were already in the plus-que-parfait ("Je n'avais gardé aucun souvenir"), the tense remains unchanged, because the plus-que-parfait is already as far back in the past as French tenses go!
Why isn't there a pas in the phrase n'avait gardé aucun souvenir?
Why is souvenir singular? Could I translate "no memories" as aucuns souvenirs?
Why use préciser instead of dire (to say) here?
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