Learn French: Est-ce que vous attendez le colis longtemps ? - Do you wait a long time for the package?

Attendre is a regular -re verb. To conjugate it for vous (you plural/formal), drop the -re from the infinitive to get the stem (attend-), and then add the vous ending, which is -ez. This gives us attendez.

The English translation says "wait for the package", so why isn't there a word for "for" before le colis?

In French, the verb attendre already means "to wait for". You don't need an extra connecting word like you do in English. You just put the thing you are waiting for directly after the verb: attendre le colis.

Does longtemps literally mean "long time"?

Yes, it is an adverb that means "for a long time" or "a long time". Notice that you don't need to add French words for "a" or "for" around it. The single word longtemps covers the whole idea on its own!

Do I pronounce the "s" at the end of vous in this sentence?

Yes! Because attendez starts with a vowel, you should make a liaison. The "s" at the end of vous connects to the beginning of attendez and is pronounced like a "z".

Can I just ask this by saying Vous attendez le colis longtemps ?