Breakdown of هیچکس به جز کسانی که میانسال هستند، این محصول را نمیخرد.
این
this
بودنbudan
to be
خریدنkharidan
to buy
راrâ
definite direct object marker
کهke
that (conjunction)
هیچکسhichkas
nobody
به جزbe joz
except
محصولmahsul
product
کسانیkasâni
those / people (individuals)
میانسالmiyânsâl
middle-aged
Questions & Answers about هیچکس به جز کسانی که میانسال هستند، این محصول را نمیخرد.
Why do we use kasâni ke here instead of ânhâ ke for 'those who'?
We use kasâni ke for generic, undefined groups of people, meaning 'anyone who' or 'the kind of people who'. The word kasâni is made of kas (person) + the plural suffix -ân + the restrictive suffix -i. If you used ânhâ ke, it would mean you are referring to a specific group of people you already mentioned earlier.
Why is the final verb nemi-kharad singular when the sentence mentions a plural group (kasâni)?
The main subject of the sentence is hich-kas (no one), which takes a singular verb in Farsi. The phrase be joz kasâni ke miyânsâl hastand is just an exception clause separating the subject from the verb. If you remove it, the core sentence is simply hich-kas in mahsul râ nemi-kharad (No one buys this product).
Why is the verb inside the relative clause hastand (indicative) and not bâshand (subjunctive)?
We use the indicative hastand because the speaker is stating a concrete fact about reality: the people who currently buy the product actually are middle-aged. We would use the subjunctive bâshand if the group was hypothetical or desired, like in the sentence 'We are looking for people who are middle-aged.'
As a quick refresher, why is the main verb nemi-kharad negative if the subject hich-kas already means 'no one'?
Farsi requires double negatives for these pronouns. Whenever you use a negative word like hich-kas (no one), the verb must also be in the negative form. Even though it translates literally as 'No one does not buy', in Farsi the negative pronoun and negative verb work together to create a single negative meaning.
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