Breakdown of ورزشکاران باید از اینکه مسابقه را بدون گرم کردن شروع کنند، بپرهیزند.
ازaz
from
شروع کردنshoru' kardan
to start
راrâ
definite direct object marker
بایدbâyad
must
Questions & Answers about ورزشکاران باید از اینکه مسابقه را بدون گرم کردن شروع کنند، بپرهیزند.
Why are both شروع کنند and بپرهیزند in the subjunctive form here?
The sentence has two different subjunctive triggers. The modal verb باید ('must') forces the main verb of the sentence, بپرهیزند ('they avoid'), into the subjunctive. Then, the connector phrase از اینکه ('from this that') used with a verb of avoidance triggers the subjunctive for the subordinate verb شروع کنند ('they start').
Could I rewrite this sentence without using اینکه?
Yes! Instead of using اینکه and a conjugated subjunctive verb, you can use از followed directly by an infinitive. You could say از شروع کردن مسابقه بپرهیزند ('avoid starting the match'). The meaning remains exactly the same, but using اینکه allows you to be more explicit if the subject of the second verb needs to be different.
Why do we use the infinitive گرم کردن (garm kardan) after بدون (bedun-e)?
In Farsi, the full infinitive is often used exactly where English uses a gerund (an '-ing' verb acting as a noun). When following a preposition like بدون ('without'), you use the infinitive to mean 'without doing something.' Therefore, بدون گرم کردن simply means 'without warming up.'
Where does the verb بپرهیزند (beparhizand) come from, and is it a simple or compound verb?