Breakdown of این مشکل نه تنها باعث انحطاط اقتصاد شد، بلکه جامعه را هم نابود کرد.
این
this
نهna
no
مشکلmoshkel
problem
راrâ
definite direct object marker
همham
also, too / both ... and / together / each other
اقتصادeqtesâd
economy
نابود کردنnâbud kardan
to destroy
جامعهjâme'e
society
تنهاtanhâ
only (alone)
بلکهbalke
but also / but rather
باعث شدنbâ'es shodan
to cause
انحطاطenhetât
decline / degeneration (moral or cultural)
Questions & Answers about این مشکل نه تنها باعث انحطاط اقتصاد شد، بلکه جامعه را هم نابود کرد.
How does the word enhetât (decline) fit the Arabic Form VII pattern we are learning?
The word enhetât follows the en-C1-e-C2-â-C3 pattern, which often shows an internal state change or yielding. Its root consonants are h-t-t (related to dropping or falling). When plugged into the pattern, you get en-h-e-t-â-t, perfectly capturing the internal process of falling down or declining.
How is the 'not only... but also' structure formed in this sentence?
Farsi uses the paired conjunction na tanhâ (not only) and balke (but rather). To get the full 'but also' meaning, ham (also) is often added in the second clause. So, na tanhâ [A]... balke [B] ham... translates perfectly to 'not only [A]... but also [B]'.
Why does the sentence use bâ'es-e enhetât shod instead of a single active verb for 'caused'?
The compound verb bâ'es shodan (literally 'to become the cause') is the standard way to express 'to cause' in Farsi. You use the linking vowel ezafe to connect bâ'es to the resulting event, making bâ'es-e enhetât shod literally mean 'it became the cause of the decline'.
In the second half, why does the direct object marker râ come before ham?
The marker râ must immediately follow the specific noun it marks. Since jâme'e (society) is the direct object of the verb nâbud kard (destroyed), râ attaches directly to it. The adverb ham (also) then follows the noun phrase it emphasizes.
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