Breakdown of این تنازع طوفان خشمی بود که همه را ترساند.
این
this
بودنbudan
to be
راrâ
definite direct object marker
ترساندنtarsândan
to scare
کهke
that (conjunction)
همهhame
all, everyone
طوفانtufân
storm
خشمkhashm
anger
تنازعtanâzo'
struggle / conflict (formal contention)
Questions & Answers about این تنازع طوفان خشمی بود که همه را ترساند.
How does the word tanâzo' (تنازع) fit the mutual interaction pattern we are studying?
tanâzo' is an Arabic Form VI verbal noun, which uses the ta-C1-â-C2-o-C3 pattern to show reciprocal action. The three-letter root is n-z-' (ن-ز-ع), which carries the basic meaning of pulling or plucking. When put into this "mutual interaction" form, it literally means "pulling at each other," which gives us the meaning of "conflict," "dispute," or "struggle."
Why is there an -i suffix on xashmi (خشمی) instead of just saying tufân-e xashm?
This is the restrictive -i, which is used to anchor a noun phrase to a relative clause starting with ke (that/which). It attaches to the very end of the Ezafe chain tufân-e xashm (storm of anger). Together, tufân-e xashmi ke... means "a storm of anger that...", signaling that the clause following ke defines exactly which storm of anger we are talking about.
How is the verb tarsând (ترساند) formed from the basic verb for "to fear"?
It uses the causative suffix -ân. The basic intransitive verb is tarsidan (to be afraid/to fear), which has the present stem tars-. Adding -ân to this stem creates a new, transitive causative stem: tarsân- (to make someone fear, or to scare). To form the past stem, you add -d, making tarsând (scared), which is used here in the 3rd person singular simple past tense.
Why does hame (همه) get the direct object marker râ (را) if "everyone" sounds like a general concept?
In Farsi, hame (everyone/all) inherently acts as a specific, definite noun because it encompasses the entirety of a known group in the context of the sentence. Since "everyone" is the direct target receiving the action of the verb (they are the ones being scared), it requires the definite object marker râ.
Learn این تنازع طوفان خشمی بود که همه را ترساند and more in Farsi
All course content and exercises are completely free — no paywalls, no trial periods, no signup needed.
- ✓ Practice with interactive exercises
- ✓ Track your progress with spaced repetition
- ✓Learn at your own pace — completely free