Breakdown of به نظر میرسد که باد باعث شد که دکل روی ترانسفورماتور افتاده باشد.
رویruye
on
کهke
that (conjunction)
افتادنoftâdan
to fall
بادbâd
wind
Questions & Answers about به نظر میرسد که باد باعث شد که دکل روی ترانسفورماتور افتاده باشد.
Why do we use the past subjunctive افتاده باشد instead of a simple past tense here?
The phrase باعث شد که (caused that) requires the verb in its dependent clause to be in the subjunctive mood. Since the falling of the pylon already happened in the past, we use the past subjunctive افتاده باشد rather than the present subjunctive بیفتد.
How exactly is the past subjunctive افتاده باشد formed in this sentence?
It is formed by taking the past participle of the main verb افتادن (to fall), which is افتاده, and adding the present subjunctive of the verb بودن (to be). For the third-person singular (the pylon), that is باشد.
Why is باعث شد in the simple past rather than the subjunctive, since it follows به نظر میرسد (it seems)?
The phrase به نظر میرسد does not automatically require the subjunctive. When reporting what seems to be an established factual past event (the wind causing the fall), the simple past باعث شد is used. The subjunctive at the very end of the sentence is triggered strictly by باعث شد که, not by the initial "it seems".
There are two که (that) conjunctions in this sentence. Are both necessary?
Yes, grammatically they are both needed to link the chain of clauses. The first که connects "It seems" (به نظر میرسد) to the rest of the sentence. The second که connects "caused" () to the action it triggered (the pylon falling). While native speakers might drop a in rapid casual speech, keeping both is standard and makes the structure much easier to follow.