Learn Farsi: وی توضیح داد که اطلاعات چگونه در شبکه تبادل می‌شود. - He explained how information is exchanged in the network.

vey is a formal pronoun meaning 'he' or 'she' that is mostly found in written Persian, journalism, and literature. At this level, you will see it often in articles, but you should stick to u in daily conversation.

English just says 'He explained how...' so why does the Persian sentence use ke before the chegune clause?

In Persian, verbs of reporting, thinking, or speaking (like towzih dâdan, to explain) almost always use the conjunction ke (that) to introduce the next clause. It acts as a necessary bridge, even for indirect questions, functioning a bit like saying 'He explained the fact that how...'

Why is chegune (how) placed after the subject ettelâ'ât (information) instead of at the start of the clause?

Unlike English, which pulls question words to the front of a clause, Persian keeps them in the same position that the actual answer would occupy. Because chegune functions as an adverb modifying how the exchange happens, it naturally sits closer to the verb phrase, leaving the subject ettelâ'ât at the start of the clause.

Since ettelâ'ât (information) is a plural word, why is the verb mishavad singular?

ettelâ'ât is an Arabic plural word used in Persian. However, a core rule of Persian grammar is that inanimate plural subjects (things or concepts) generally take a singular verb. You typically only use plural verbs to match plural people or animals.