Breakdown of آنها افزودنیها و نگهدارندههای غیر بهداشتی را به غذا اضافه میکنند.
آنها
they
و
and
بهbe
to
غذاghazâ
food
راrâ
definite direct object marker
اضافه کردنezâfe kardan
to add
بهداشتیbehdâshti
sanitary / hygienic
غیرgheyr
other than, non- (gheyr az = except)
نگهدارندهnegahdârande
preservative
افزودنیafzudani
additive
Questions & Answers about آنها افزودنیها و نگهدارندههای غیر بهداشتی را به غذا اضافه میکنند.
How is غیر بهداشتی (unhygienic) formed, and why is it pronounced with an Ezafe?
The word غیر (gheyr) is used here as a prefix meaning "un-" or "non-". It always takes an Ezafe when attaching to the following adjective or noun. So, غیر (gheyr-e) + بهداشتی (behdâshti, hygienic) becomes غیر بهداشتی (gheyr-e behdâshti, unhygienic).
Why does the object marker را appear after the adjective غیر بهداشتی instead of immediately after the nouns?
In Farsi, the direct object marker را must follow the entire noun phrase. The specific object here is not just the nouns, but the whole descriptive phrase "unhygienic additives and preservatives" (افزودنیها و نگهدارندههای غیر بهداشتی). Therefore, را gets attached at the very end of that complete block.
What is the literal breakdown of the word نگهدارندههای (preservatives)?
It comes from the compound verb نگه داشتن (negah dâshtan, to keep/hold). By taking the present stem دار (dâr) and adding the suffix ـنده (-andeh), it creates a "doer" noun: نگهدارنده (negahdârandeh, keeper/preservative). Here it takes the plural ـها (-hâ) and a final ی (-ye) for the Ezafe connecting it to the adjective.
Both افزودنیها (additives) and اضافه میکنند (they add) relate to the concept of adding. What is the difference in their roots?
افزودنی (afzudani) comes from the native Farsi verb افزودن (afzudan, to add). Adding the suffix ـی (-i) to a verb often creates a noun meaning "something to be [verb]ed". Meanwhile, اضافه کردن (ezâfe kardan) is a compound verb using the Arabic-derived noun اضافه (ezâfe, addition). They mean the same thing, but اضافه کردن is much more common in everyday spoken Farsi for the action "to add".
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